you need phosphatase inhibitors to prevent dephosphorylation of proteins in your sample. Which one to use depends on the phosphatases you want to inhibit.
Common chemicals are for example okadaic acid (serine/ theorine phosphatases) or Vanadate (tyrosyl phosphatases like alkaline phosphatase).
There are also several commercial cocktails available.
You can find plenty of methods information in the "Methods in Enzymology" Series:
Protein Phosphorylation Part B: Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, and Protein Phosphatases