How much is this likely to can recieve a Ph.D. degree without attending universitiez?
imagine a person initiate his research individually in his room/personal lab, write the results and then give a presentation for a group of professors; then be evaluated and recieve a degree... no application fee, no fund, no educational spaces, no supervision, ... is it dreamlike?!
Doctoral programs generally DO require that you take certain classes and accumulate a certain amount of graduate credit.
The only way I can think of for a doctoral degree withing attending class would be a completely online program, and you would still need to TAKE classes, even if you are not technically ATTENDING classes. :-)
The reason you cannot receive a degree by examination, as you suggest, is the requirements of accrediting agencies.
Doctoral programs generally DO require that you take certain classes and accumulate a certain amount of graduate credit.
The only way I can think of for a doctoral degree withing attending class would be a completely online program, and you would still need to TAKE classes, even if you are not technically ATTENDING classes. :-)
The reason you cannot receive a degree by examination, as you suggest, is the requirements of accrediting agencies.
I echo Michael's words here. You can study and do your own independent research, but if you want a PhD you have to follow Academia's rules (of accreditation, successive and reiterative peer reviews, etc.)
An honorary doctorate is a high-level academic recognition granted by a university to a recipient without completion of the normal requirements for that degree.
can be awarded a honorary doctorate to a master degree graduate????
Yes, for example in the Czech Republic an honorary doctorate (doctor honoris causa) can be awarded to an important person without any academic degree. But this type of academic degree is not equivalent to PhD!
I do not think so. PhD (academic or honorary) must be awarded by an accredited University or institution. Remember, not all University can award a doctorate degree. Some can only award a doctorate in certain discipline and not others. For every country, there is an institution/organistion (Usually government) that regulates universities and degree awarding institutions. They are saddled with the responsible to maintain quality of education and integrity of degree awarded by any University or institution. What you are saying may be possible in future, but for now, it is impossible.
OK, I understand and agree. It is regionally determined. My comment should be only as an example from Central Europe. Honorary doctorates are outside of accreditation of our universities (in the Czech Republic). Every higher educational institution can award anyone by honorary doctorate - so it can be also college without any PhD program. So it (this practice) could be different in your country or region.
For one to get a Doctoral degree one must do course work, which can only be done in an institution and accumulate certain amount of graduate credit, in some varsities the institution must give the candidate a permit letter for field work. it is not possible unless its a honorary doctorate.
An alternative route to a traditional doctorate involves consideration of a PhD by publication. Here are a couple of examples:
https://www.westminster.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/research-degrees/mode-of-study/phd-by-published-work
http://ijds.org/Volume12/IJDSv12p123-135Peacock3498.pdf
I would say that a Ph.D. movie brings a lot of interesting ideas for this debate :-P I would highly recommend watching it :-)
Hi,
Many Australian Univeristies accept dissertations ready to be accepted for PhDs... there is also a lots of funds available for such candidates...
On the contrary, North American universities require certain number of course work to get PhDs...
Hope it helps..
1*/ As said by Zdenek Smutny : It exists an honorary doctorate which can be awarded to an important person without any academic degree, especially for active person in society, in Politics, etc. But this type of academic degree is not equivalent to PhD!
2*/ Your suggestion exists in the past (before 1900) with other diplomas. If we imagine to realize you idea in this period, The presentation must be done ahead of an International recognized Jury. why not, there are many people which suffer for special conditions in life and they have great energy, power, intelligence, etc.. the International Scientific Community must encourage them by an international Jury approved by some Ministries and Countries....
In my own opinion, it should be a kind of honorary degree. In the first place, how did the person get the professors and other audience that attended such so-called thesis defence?
The question is a bit vague and depends to a large portion on the country in which the hypothetical individual resides that the OP refers to. It also depends on the definition of "PhD".
Concerning my own country, Germany, a PhD without prior completion of a Master's degree with at least 2.5 (Good, in the German system) can not be attempted in general. Depending on the university that will (in the case of success) award the doctoral degree to the candidate, there are some exceptions. If there is support from a sufficient number of faculty members, a PhD can already be commenced by Bachelor's degree holders when their academic achievements, I. E., grades are exceptionally good (I have read 1.5 at least, very good, but the figure may vary). Also, outstanding publications in academic journals may substitute a degree. In practice, these exceptions from the rule (Master's degree) do not play a significant role. Specific to Germany, there is a distinction between Master's degrees from universities of applied sciences (former Fachhochschule) and full universities (Universitäten). Whereas the latter only require decent grades as formal entrance qualifications, the former degrees typically must have been completed with very good instead of just good grades and, eventually, additional courses may be required. Up to today, only universities can award doctoral degrees, universities of applied sciences are not empowered to do so by legislation in general.
A doctoral degree typically is normed in some official document, the so-called "Promotionsordnung" because, unlike a professoral "title", it does not signify a job position but is still an academic degree. Accordingly, doctoral degrees are subject to regulations in order to ensure a homogeneous quality and avoid misunderstandings when someone claims to hold a doctoral degree.
That being said, a doctoral degree without attending a university is not possible, at least in my country. However, you typically do not have to attend courses (as in the US). Mostly, you "just" need to do your research and type this up as a thesis in the form of a monography. Cumulative dissertations are becoming somewhat more common here, though in the STEM fields. Application fees are typically not raised here.
Speaking of a doctorate without attending university at all is not really possible. Honorary doctorates are academic titles and shall indicate that the degree holder has helped to improve science over a long period or by outstanding actions. However, they are distinct from a "normal" doctorate because they are to be indicated as "Dr. H. C." instead of "Dr." in the passport. They are also not sufficient to apply for professorship as far as I know. Honorary degrees are seldomly awarded.
The situation in other countries may differ tremendously from what I have described.
David.
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