There is a great relationship between Design Thinking and Cyber-physical Systems in that there would not be actualization of the Systems if one or group of persons did not go through the recesses of ideas on how to create them. In other words, Design Thinking is simply the conceiving that go on in the mind over time in order to create what could be useful. And in this context, before Cyber-physical systems are birthed, there was a seed of ideas on how it would either be structured or configured (virtual architecture). Therefore, a designer thinks of the best possible way of situating any Systems before the physical manifestation. Just like one is expected to be given birth to before one grows to become an adult, designer has no other option than to think of a befitting design (outlook, layout, arrangement) of Cyber-physical systems before installation starts. - Ekemini Akaninyene Effiong.

I don't know how to characterize the relationship in so few words as to hit on a title, but perhaps what follows will be food for thought. Design Thinking is inherently human centered, so when thinking of cyber-physical systems, design comes in where the system and humans intersect. I am thinking here of IoT projects where an experience designer would structure and test the entire experience from start to finish, e.g., how does the a person take the system out of the box, read concise instructions, carry out the set up and connectivity of the system and get it running. Design thinking also comes to play when thinking through what happens when the system encounters errors or negative conditions that impact operation. How does it recover from connectivity issues? What happens when components are lost or damaged? How are interfaces best designed to ensure recovery when errors occur?

Consider for example, a Nest thermostat. It wakes from a sleep mode when you walk by, and error messages are reported to you directly on the thermostat's interface. Another example is an armband that measures vitals and activity. It has an app interface, but has no interface on the device itself. In that case, haptics are include: two vibrations mean that it has disconnected from the phone and one means the device has low battery. Design thinking ensures that humans understand how to set up and properly operate the system.

An ill-considered example is my car's audio system. When I connect my phone, the music app is automatically activated and it plays the first song in alphabetical order from my music collection. What if I just wanted to charge my phone while I'm driving, or listen to audio from a different app? This is an example of poorly designed cyber physical system. I now loathe that song. In this example, I can live with the poorly designed interaction. But what about when the stakes are higher, and the cyber-physical system is embedded in someone's body? In this case, design mistakes are costlier and have a much higher impact on a human.

It sounds as though you are working on very interesting research and I look forward to seeing what results.

The bottom line is that cyber-physical systems, in particular smart and beyond intellectualized system of systems, challenge our (conventional) design thinking and call for a purposeful blending of design thinking with system thinking in order to provide a robust and comprehensive theoretical/methodological fundament.

Dear Dr. Effiong and Dr. Santiago, I am grateful for your detailed and inspiring comment...Thanks for synergy!

and Dear Prof. Horvath,

Thank you again... already I know and it is obvious that design thinking in cyber-physical context resembles system thinking... what could be beyond design thinking is my end...

and sadly, what challenge me now is lacking a mechanical/electronic engineering background... what's more, lacking the connection with industry to explore my case study for writing article... I cann't content myself with simply doing a review paper...

Dear Azam,

"...is obvious that design thinking in cyber-physical context resembles system thinking..." In my transcription, they are simultaneously ortogonal to and complementing each other. The issue is that we cannot blend them directly. Nevertheless, I believe we could apply axiomatic theory fusion in this case too. This would be an excellent topic for a genuine doctoral dissertation and a good basis for handful papers ... And this does not necessarily means a lack of "...mechanical/electronic engineering background... " or "....connection with industry...". Instead of these what it does need is holistic thinking, christal clear understanding of the fundamentals, and daring to think out of the box. You have these - this is my impression. Eventualy you decide ..

All the best,

I.H.

Thanks for your kindness...

you're right, ... but, not sure having holistic viewpoint be adequate for some projects I've read in your department dissertations... they are not designers; but enginneers equipped with many knowledge...

I'm going to provide a proposal titled "interaction design patterns and principles for cyber-physical systems"... it cast doubt for me to approach this matter through my abilities whether do I need engineering information or not?

Azam,

The title "Interaction design patterns and principles for cyber-physical systems" sounds very interesting! However, this does still not make it completely clear for me what the very specific research phenomenon you are concentrating on is and what perspective (psychology, knowledge engineering, cognitive engineering, interface design, etc. or their subdomains) do you intend to address it.

I attached a paper to cast light on the complicatedness of a comprehensive handling of interaction design principles and patterns.

Have a very nice weekend!

I.H.

Thanks a million! I appreciate your help... you are helping, directing and motivating a person that might never can get the Netherlands, TuDelft coming to thank you...

To be honest, this proposal belongs to an scholarship application... as that prof. have not answer till now, I must step on my way alone...

I like your systematic-holistic viewpoint and metaphorical writing as well... it was a pleasure to access such rich paper; when I was getting confused by the fat literature of CPSs....

well, I might choose and elaborate on the human-system interactions, which have a bit overlaps to my previous works (Details not available at the time); however, the main problem is lack of an industrial case study, fund and supervisor!

Me to!

Dear Madam,

May I draw your attention to a couple of papers of ours under the project title Design Engineering using String Theory on www.researchgate.net/profile/Soumitra_Mallick. There we have Systems Classified & Systems Integrated by String Matching Field Theory (Mallick (2012, 2013), Mallick, Hamburger, Mallick (2016, 2017, 2018)) Design Engineering and Cyber Physical Social Systems String Matching Field EconoPhysical Equilibrium.

Soumitra K. Mallick (CA)

for Soumitra K. Mallick, Somak Raychaudhury, Sandipan Mallick

RHMHM School,

USA, Japan, India

Dear Dr. Mallick,

Thank you very much for calling my attention to your work and publications concerning the connection between Design Thinking and Cyber-physical Systems. I visited the mentioned link and found a large number of various papers. May I kindly ask you to identify those for me which do you think specifically address the connection between Design Thinking and Cyber-physical Systems. I am also interested (even from a phylosophical perspective) in the manifestation of Design Thinking and Systems Thinking in the context of truly Cyber-physical Systems. I appreciate your assistance in advance.

I.H.

Dear Dr. Mallick,

Which paper did you draw my attention to?!

This question belongs to past…no longer is important the connection between Design Thinking and Cyber-physical Systems…

I’d be grateful if you know another research gap in this area… and a potential colleague to work from distance…

Dear Dr. Horvath and Ms. Nemati Chermahini,

I would particularly like to draw your attention to the followig publications listed on www.researchgate.net/profile/Soumitra_Mallick on the subject of the interaction picture (because it has been shown to have resultant information and also energy particle flow in our discovered AGGNN "fundamental Higgs-Mallick mechanism DBranes String" Networks which are analogous to AGN Dbranes String redshifts in a macro perspective (Sullivan, Kolokythos, Raychaudhury, Vrtilek & Kantharia (2012)) :

Article How can we Engineer Stock Markets like NSEIL with BSE SENSEX...

Article Public Health Engineering Field Theory derived from Social M...

Article Subscription to Digital Libraries and Corresponding Journal ...

Method Elements in the Field Theory of Social Medicine Functor Cate...

Method Medical Physics Field Theory experimentally established with...

Technical Report EXTERNETWORKS

Experiment Findings Results of our Research on the Millenium Prize problems

Sorry for making you go through so much of our ideas, and thanks.

Soumitra Kumar Mallick (CA)

for Soumitra K. Mallick, Somak Raychaudhury, Sandipan Mallick

RHMHM School,

USA, Japan, India

Dear Dr. Horvath and Ms.Nemati Chermahini,

Please add the following reference to our work also :

Method Proof of P Vs. NP Millenium Prize Problem #3 (Clay Mathemati...

Thanks.

Soumitra K. Mallick (CA)

Prof. Horvath,

Sorry for not including Professor in addressing you.

S.K.Mallick

Prof. Horvath and Ms. Nemati Chermahini,

We would also like to add these published papers in JAM and Nature.com (as abstract).

Article A mathematical statistical pricing model for emerging stock markets

Article Dynamics of emerging India's banking sector assets: A simple model

which contains experimental verification (path integrals) of the design engineering and cyber-physical systems equilibrium interaction picture in spacextime leading to systems classification and systems integration which can be engineered string theoretically (Dbranes using the concept of AGGNNetwork Physics as above) at RTP by dimensional "Newtonian" systems cooling hence in the information-energy "conserved" space of tensors (dual of entropy).

Soumitra K. Mallick (CA)

for Soumitra K. Mallick, Somak Raychaudhury, Sandipan Mallick

for RHMHM School

Dear Dr. Mallick, Thanks a lot

I did not understand a word from your description of the publications, seems to be so tough to grasp! good luck in your job!

Dear Professor Dr. Mallick,

It seems to me that we do not share the same point. Please be so kind to carefully read the original question and the related clarification. Thank you very much indeed.

With sincere regards,

I.H.

One solution which is related to our work directly is that cyber-physical systems when you model them and run experiments with the toy models appropriately, you get a space of efficiencies which helps you to design engineer systems like say specific application cybernetic systems like say public health systems, or say network systems, which exhibit such expanded space of efficiencies over space and time. These experiments have certain properties which are not the same as probabilistic theory of experiments when you apply them to cyber physical systems like stock market systems. Hence you can in some ways multiply the space of efficiencis which can give rise to new systems design. We have derived certain physical and economic properties of these cybersystems which I have referred to above. Where does economic come from ? Since computer systems when networked give rise to applications which are meant for day to day applications in experiments hence laws of conservation come into play, which become economic because you are using market or pseudo market data to calibrate these systems designs, hence since they are for "man's ordinary business of life" they are necessarily econophysical field, laws and methods. That is the framework of the systems classification and systems integration you have asked about. The software from two applications may not be necessarily integrable even if you have computer systems with adequate memory and power etc.. unless say for example the nature of the algorithms used in designing the programs for applications are compatible. This is what we have called "dimensionality of systems classification and systems integration" for e.g.. We have shown that acertain way of bringing this about is if the applications use common resorces in a compatible way by which yoy can define a system of Dynamic Genral Competitive equilibrium Models to compute the integrated price of the systems when tey work together.Suppose you want to systems classify and systems integrate an application of health checkups with a system of health insurance services. If you can integrate the two prices by an Arrow-Debreu Edgeworth Box common equilibrium pricing system where stocks clear through the resultant financial markets (Mallick (1993, 2011), Mallick, Hamburger, Mallick (2016, 2017, 2018)) satisfying the principles of Archimedean Stock & Flow mechanics then in cybernetic applications they will be systems classified and systems integrated. This is similar to the fact that gravitational force which give rise to the weights in our model for the "price glue AGGNNNetworks over spacextime" to work cause light spectra redshifts in AGN in Cosmology and have naturally occurring, with the addition of gravitational force to the String Theory Quantum Mechanical System, by our Systems Classification and Systems Integration Theorem (Mallick (2012), Mallick, Hamburger & Mallick (2016, 2017, 2018)). This is our String Theory Econophysical Field and Method.

S.K.Mallick (CA)

for S.K.Mallick, Somak Raychaudhury, Sandipan Mallick

of RHMHM School,

US, Japan, India

The question above fall-out of my area of specialty of studies but constantly used such "system" in our daily experiment, as a result care to make a significant contribution, after my reading through the trend of responses. I foresee a "design-thinking" as a subset to Cyber-physical system.

The Cyber-Physical System becomes the external framework of project functioning, while the "design-thinking" is a key component of how the internal system relate mathematically to each other to generate a macro-result meaningful to it external objectives.

Dear prof.

I found a design group that have a system-oriented approach, this maybe help:

http://www.systemsorienteddesign.net/