Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).
The first criteria that rice breeders focus is the ability to have a high competitive yield secondarily the emphasis is the resistance to disease and pest resistance. These characters need to be described and documented.
The rice varieties need to satisfy the requirement of the market place which can change. The use of green revolution rice technology has been based on dwarf habits of growth which were used to up the fertilizer use and in the more intensive redesigned systems pests and diseases were accentuated.
The biotech golden rice is an interesting idea which uses a daffodil gene to enhance the product for carotenoid content. This new rice has been met with some controversy and the acceptance has been limited to date in major marketplaces.
A better success story has been the introduction traditional breeding rice hybrids which are being used fairly widely.
Rice dominated diets have nutritional issues which can lead to poor health outcomes at the same time rice proliferates the complementing and more utilization of critical pulses which are not keeping pace in green revolution paradigm which historically stressed staple grains and not legumes.
The better food supply globally would need to return to a stress on diversified farming rather than the original Green Revolution model.
FETs (Field Evaluation Trials), PETs (Positive Evaluation Trials), YETs (Yield Evaluation Trials) etc nation-wide and state-wise.
@ Mohammed Shaker Hossain,
The newly released variety in general expected to have the followings features:
High yield.
Resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Better nutrition quality.
More stability
Wider adaptability.
Short duration
Hey Mohammed Shaker Hossain; After conducting all the necessary trials which involve Stage I, Stage II, Preliminary Yield, advanced Yield Trials, Multi-location trials for the target traits of interests, You need data on DUS which is Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability for this variety and it is supposed to be different from the existing varieties that have been released before. You can even go further to genotype it to develop it's fingerprint for reference in case you want to do a QC/QA.
Siku Biology
Hello In addition to the response of M. C. Sidhu and Julius Pyton Sserumaga it will be necessary to register the variety, make the protection certificate and produce certified seeds. These rules vary between countries. Here in Brazil we have the Ministry of Agriculture with a wide and efficient legislation.
New varieties (including rice) can be developed by conventional breeding or transgenic breeding. A new variety can contain a single new trait or a few new traits, such as yield trait, insect-tolerated trait, dry-tolerated traits. The new trait(s) of the new varieties need to be analyzed or tested in lab and eventually in the fields. One needs a permission to test and analyze the new traits in the fields if the trait is transgenic. As for 'approval', a new variety developed through transgenesis can take many years. That's why breeders are shifting their focus from conventional GM to CRISPR GM. Some new varieties developed by CRISPR technology can avoid the stringent conventional GM regulations (ie. the CRISPR-developed brown-resistant mushroom), and shorten the release time of these new varieties.
In response to Liane Terezinha Dorneles' answer, the registration for variety and seed production certificate is dependent on the IPRs System in that country, usually for funded work like Government-Employed Breeders, the right may belong to Government, however, for Individual Breeders or those engaged in a PPP-funding of the Breeding Program, they could apply for Patents. Also, Seed Companies that engaged in the Breeding Program by Funding or provided actual Technical Human Resource or would likely introduce a novel Variety could apply for a Patent to produce seed.
Hi Mr. Mohammed Shaker Hossain. The rice culture which has to be released must have promising characteristics like high yield, cooking qualities, disease and pest tolerance etc. and must be superior than the recent released variety in that particular group of maturity duration, grain type etc.Then it has to test in Initial and Advance field trials at local, state and national levels with respective checks. Take adaptive trials on farmers field with check. If the culture found superior over the best check in all the trials then it can be released as variety with the approval of variety release committee of your region. The policies of variety release are vary as per the jurisdictions.
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