I am undertaking a study where Organizational performance is DV and Transnational Leadership is IV. My hypothesis is TL is positively related with OP which is rejected. Now Whether I can run and explain Gender as moderator in this relationship or not? I am looking for an article which states whether moderation can be carried out or not when DV and IV does not supports the relationship. Some help is highly appreciated.
Thank You.
Dear Krishna Aryal, When studying a direct relationship between IV and DV and results show the absence of the significance re this relationship that is theoretically supported, this can be considered an indication for a moderating variable. When gender (or any dichotomous variable) has a moderating role on a relationship, then the two groups have different slopes re that relationship, which might end in a nonsignificant relation when considering the two groups together. I recommend the following paper for conducting such a test. Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 Good luck with your research
Although they deal with different variables, the following two papers show significant gender moderating effects.
Bowling, N. A., & Burns, G. N. (2015). Sex as a moderator of the relationships between predictor variables and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(1), 193-205. doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9342-5
Spector, P. E., & Zhou, Z. E. (2014). The moderating role of gender in relationships of stressors and personality with counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(4), 669-681. doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9307-8
Krishana, you do not need to cite an article for that. It is just common sense/knowledge. Significant unconditional relationship between IV and DV is not a prerequisite for testing the moderating effect of a third variable. As a matter of fact, from one perspective, it is vice versa. Having a non-significant interaction term/moderator effect is the prerequisite of interpreting the unconditional relationship between IV and DV. That is, it becomes a moot point to interpret the unconditional effect of the IV when you have significant moderating effect, because significant moderating effect basically means that the effect of the IV on DV is conditional on the moderator variable. Therefore, it does not make much sense to talk about the significance or size of the unconditional effect when you know that the effect is conditional.
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