1) The biggest question is which factors were determined the control efficiency by mating disruptions, particularly hanged height in the fields ?
2) How to caught female to detect the number of spermatophore while mating disruptions were used in the fields at same time ?
3) How to move in male vertically and horizontally ?
Many thanks.
Dear Zhaozhi Lu,
Most people check for zero capture in sexual traps. I do not trust this, and we have several times experienced zero captures with moths in the culture (because of wind for example).
I developed a female food trap which is very efficient in mated disrupted vineyards.
Thiéry, D., Rétaud, P., Cavard, X., Xuéreb, A., Dumas-Lattaque L, Bourriau F (2006) - Trapping Lobesia botrana females with apple juice: a valuable tool to predict oviposition ? IOBC Integrated control in Viticulture, IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 29 (11), 235-240.
Checking eggs on grape clusters is also possible...
Best regards
Denis
Well, sorry I missed the question 1 and 3.
Pheromone is highly volatile but several experiment show that pheromone is adsorbed by foliage cuticule (and re emitted ?) and because heavy have a tendency to fall down. Normally the dispensers are hanged in the foliage, but of course the high depends on the grape training.
How males move and where do they locate at dusk (time of mating) is a very important question. Females are much more close to the grape clusters and move more or less vertically in sort of circular flight. At least in several European vineyards (like in Bordeaux) one could easily observe males flying above the vines in sort of horizontal flights.
Denis
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