These images were taken after allowing the polyaniline layer to dry naturally following polymerization. During the drying process, a noticeable color variation appeared on the polymerized surface. My question is: can I be certain that this is indeed polyaniline that has been successfully polymerized?
Dear Do-Hwan Ji,
If you polymerized aniline then it should be polyaniline layer. But, anyway, you have to confirm this by typical analysis (spectral, electrochemical, chemical etc.) The color looks as typical one of PANI and the color gradient after drying depends on homogeneity conditions of this drying (temperature, chemicals in air, etc.).
Regarding successful polymerization, you have several proof:
1. You get solid from liquid aniline
2. Colorless aniline has developed color due to extended conjugation.
Regarding the film formation, it has been proven that polyaniline remains mostly as dispersed phase rather than dissolving in solvent (NMP). The film is formed which may not be perfect as you can see in the micrograph. However, in open eye the film appears okay.
Regarding color, during drying there are lot of changes in the extent of hydrogen bonding and other polar interaction that might be reason for constant change of color during drying. In case you have use any acidic solvent, there will be decrease of doping with evaporation of solvent during drying.
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