First I think the question is very broad. You have to realize some issues to give a precise answer. For example, what type of instrument you need? Is it a questionnaire to answer the teacher? Or is it a scale of observation?
It would also be necessary to specify the level of education: primary education? compulsory or upper secondary? ¿Higher education?
We work primarily with data from questionnaires. In this line, for example, are TALIS questionnaires (OECD) study. These questionnaires are
They are available at this link: http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htm have a section called "Your Teaching in the Target Class" which includes questions on classroom atmosphere, classroom time distribution, etc.
The theoretical model of TALIS is defined on page 151 of this document:
Specifically on classroom management style work Martin and Baldwin are well known as their inventory has been translated and adapted in European countries.
Martin, N. & Baldwin, B. (1993a). An Examination of the Construct Validity of the Inventory of Classroom Management Style, Paper Presented at the Annual Conference of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA., November, 1993 http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs /data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/15/30/70.pdf (Read 30.01.2008)
Martin, N. & Baldwin, B. (1993b). Validation of an Inventory of Classroom Management Style: Differences Between Novice and Experienced Teachers, Paper Presented at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta, GA, April, 1993 http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/. data / ericdocs2sql / content_storage_01 / 0000019b / 80/13 / f0 / 9e. pdf. (Read 30.01.2008)
Other studies that have validated questionnaires to assess teaching styles (in general) are:
Lueng, K. K, Lue, BH & Lee, MB (2003) Development of a teaching style inventory for tutor evaluation in problem based learning. Medical Education, 37, 410-413
Prosser, M. & Trigwell, K. (1996). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Approaches to teaching inventory. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 405-419. 16 items likertque
Zhang, L. (2003). The Effective Teacher Inventory. Unpublished test. The University of Hong Kong.
Schaefer, KM & Zygmont, D. (2003), Analyzing The teaching style of nursing faculty. Nursing Education Perspectives, 24 (5), 238
I'm afraid my answer is very long and I'm not sure that's what you're looking for. In any case, again, if you can be more specific question perhaps you can improve the quality of response.
First I think the question is very broad. You have to realize some issues to give a precise answer. For example, what type of instrument you need? Is it a questionnaire to answer the teacher? Or is it a scale of observation?
It would also be necessary to specify the level of education: primary education? compulsory or upper secondary? ¿Higher education?
We work primarily with data from questionnaires. In this line, for example, are TALIS questionnaires (OECD) study. These questionnaires are
They are available at this link: http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/talis.htm have a section called "Your Teaching in the Target Class" which includes questions on classroom atmosphere, classroom time distribution, etc.
The theoretical model of TALIS is defined on page 151 of this document:
Specifically on classroom management style work Martin and Baldwin are well known as their inventory has been translated and adapted in European countries.
Martin, N. & Baldwin, B. (1993a). An Examination of the Construct Validity of the Inventory of Classroom Management Style, Paper Presented at the Annual Conference of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA., November, 1993 http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs /data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/15/30/70.pdf (Read 30.01.2008)
Martin, N. & Baldwin, B. (1993b). Validation of an Inventory of Classroom Management Style: Differences Between Novice and Experienced Teachers, Paper Presented at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta, GA, April, 1993 http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/. data / ericdocs2sql / content_storage_01 / 0000019b / 80/13 / f0 / 9e. pdf. (Read 30.01.2008)
Other studies that have validated questionnaires to assess teaching styles (in general) are:
Lueng, K. K, Lue, BH & Lee, MB (2003) Development of a teaching style inventory for tutor evaluation in problem based learning. Medical Education, 37, 410-413
Prosser, M. & Trigwell, K. (1996). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Approaches to teaching inventory. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 405-419. 16 items likertque
Zhang, L. (2003). The Effective Teacher Inventory. Unpublished test. The University of Hong Kong.
Schaefer, KM & Zygmont, D. (2003), Analyzing The teaching style of nursing faculty. Nursing Education Perspectives, 24 (5), 238
I'm afraid my answer is very long and I'm not sure that's what you're looking for. In any case, again, if you can be more specific question perhaps you can improve the quality of response.
Valerie: I have been doing some searching for classroom climate measures too, and I found very few that looked directly at classroom management - mostly goal structure, school engagement, social structure, autonomy support, sense of relatedness, even teacher affiliation.
I did locate one citation that was not useful to me because it didn't address achievement, but it might be useful to you:
Bru, E., Stephens, P., & Torsheim, T. (2002). Students' perception of teachers classroom management styles and their report of misbehavior. Journal of School Psychology, 40, 287-307.
Best of luck. I'd welcome a look at what you find.
One issue that's been coming clear to me is the idea that "classroom management" is a necessary but not sufficient condition for learning. Read Emmer or Good and Brophy for a good review of the topic:
Emmer, E. T., & Stough, L. M. (2001). Classroom management: A critical part of educational psychology, with implications for teacher education. Educational Psychologist, 36(2), 103–112. doi:10.1207/S15326985EP3602_5
Good, T. L. & Brophy, J. E. (2008). Looking in Classrooms.
They cover the theory and empirical history better than anyone else I've found.
The option I would choose if I were doing my work over again would be from Kunter, Baumert, & Köller (2007):
Kunter, M., Baumert, J., & Köller, O. (2007). Effective classroom management and the development of subject-related interest. Learning and Instruction, 17(5), 494–509. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.09.002
From the motivation perspective, numerous instruments exist to measure this. A big one is Skinner's Teacher as Social Context. Available from:
If you are working in a Confucian-collectivist learning environment (Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea), I have a usable short (5 item) scale. You can send me a message for that.