I am not sure if fluorescence microscopy by nuclear staining with DAPI / Hoechst dyes alone could be helpful in detecting genomic instability characteristics by fluorescence microscopy. Of course, one can perform cell cycle/ploidy anaysis. Please let me know if there is another simple experiment to assess genomic instability induced by a drug candidate.
I think comparative genome hybridization is more efficient and precise to detect DNA instability at the genome-wide level.
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Of old methods - count proportion of interphase cells with micronuclei (micronuclei index) in DNA staining (can be also Hoechst or DAPI) - it is an indication on the genome instability. Anaphases with chromosome bridges indicate the same. Presence of tri-or multipolar mitoses - the same.
Variation of the chromosome number in metaphase plates (simple karyogenetic analysis of SKY) is indication of genome instability.
Thank you Jekaterina Erenpreisa. How about combining micronuclei index with detection of DNA damage marker such as gamma - H2AX, by Western blotting, upon drug treatment?
Micronuclei arise from aberrant mitosis. g-H2AX is a mark of accelerated senescence induced by drug treatment. The actual cells can be in any phase of cycling, if they cycle, in overcoming mitotic arrest (mitotic slippage, even with DNA breaks) and also apoptotic cells will be gH2AX positive. If you want to find the real things - use microscope and document the cell cycle or also combine it with WB but do look at the cells. Otherwise you can get superficial or wrong judgment. That is my advice.
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