One simple math model for an overtaking problem is the "overtaking model," which is based on the assumption that the overtaking vehicle and the vehicle being overtaken have constant velocities. The model uses the following parameters:
d = the distance between the two vehicles,
v1 = the velocity of the overtaking vehicle,
v2 = the velocity of the vehicle being overtaken,
t = the time it takes for the overtaking vehicle to pass the other vehicle.
The model states that the distance between the two vehicles at the end of the overtaking maneuver is given by the equation: d = v1t + (v2-v1)t.
Another model is "overtaking criterion" which is based on the relative velocity and distance between the two vehicles. The overtaking vehicle is considered to be safe to pass if the relative velocity is greater than a certain value and the distance between the two vehicles is greater than a certain value.