to answer directly to your question. there is no preset period of time for the onset of nutrient limitation. This will depend on the species in culture, as well as on general culture conditions which will determine its physiological activity. two-three months seems an inordinately long time though, but remember the definition of nutrient limitation, which is fairly different from the ability to survive in a nutrient-low medium
Elly, thanks a lot for the paper and references. It's very helpful.
A question, how do you determine a true NIFT response if we don't have a control? Sometimes the Ft of before and after nutrient addition has a slight changes but how do we know if it's a false or true response.
Most probably they were, but all I can suggest is that you use your original culture to inoculate new ones in a series of fresh media, each prepared omitting one nutrient source. In this case, seawater without any enrichment will serve as your control, both to check if you get a NIFT response as well as for the classic growth experiment (I assume you use natural seawater, but you should try with artificial seawater, or at least with water from some oligotrophic area, if you have one handy).