You could also use the approach of double malnutrition burden in such cases where the child's nutrition status is inversely affected compared to the adults' nutrition status. It could also be as a result of feeding pattern changes and the type of meals being consumed within the family.

I think the reason for this is to follow mother the different lifestyles, such as early weaning of the child, or early or late introduction of supplementary feeding, the employee mother, and work to change the brands of artificial milk several times without consulting a doctor, and the extent of the mother's education and its impact on the child's public health, for example, the child may be exposed to diarrhea because the mother did not keep the tools to prepare milk and food in a security and healthy way.

You need to be specific about the metric of nutrition. Stunting (height for age) does manifest mostly in poorer countries and households, but there are many places where you see stunted children in highest income quintile households (Ethiopia, Timor Leste, and many more). Remember, that there are now more poor people and undernourished children in middle income countries (like India). So the relationship isn't statically linear. That said, its clear that macroeconomic growth (GDP) and household poverty reduction are likely to result in a reduction in undernutrition. But controlling for income (or wealth, or SES), you may find that education, disease exposure, lack of clean water, open defecation and so much more determine nutrition outcomes. Controlling for income. Hope that helps.

Thank you for your guidance

Petrick.

Can you please give some detailed explanation and literature if you have please?

Best

Atta

Household food insecurity and under-nutrition remain critically important in developing countries struggling to emerge from the scourge of poverty, where historically, improvements in economic conditions have benefited only certain privileged groups, causing growing inequality in health and healthcare among the population.

The results indicate that children in the poorest 20% of households are more than three time as likely to suffer from adverse growth rate stunting as children from the wealthiest 20% of households. The effect of household wealth status remain significantly large when the analysis was adjusted for a child's multiple birth status, age, gender, antenatal care, delivery assistance, birth order, and duration that the child was breastfed; mother's age at childbirth, nutritional status, education; household access to safe drinking water, access to a hygienic facility, cooking fuel cleanliness, residence, and geographic location.

One can present many hypotheses, some of which mentioned above by others, but the right thing to do would be to study this phenomenon qualitatively. Even a single case study could be helpful if time and money is s constraint.

To add to Prof. Webb's reply: it might be important to state whether you are comparing higher income across or within countries. To illustrate, in a cross-country study of stunting trends, we reported that countries with more equitable income distribution (i.e. Gini coefficient) achieved better stunting reduction over time. Furthermore, other studies have also shown that increased household asset accumulation is an important driver for stunting reduction in both cross-country studies, as well as in trend analyses of countries with success stories in stunting reduction.

Article Drivers of Under-Five Stunting Trend in 14 Low- and Middle-I...

do consider gender. there is a trade off in poorer communities between going out for wages and managing childcare without support. care, as you know, is a fundamental requirement of child nutrition, through the pathway of supervised feeding.

To add to Patrick Webb's comment, you also need to be specific about your measures of wealth. Common asset-based measures can be biased in a number of ways. For example, if the assets used in creating a wealth index are primarily consumer goods or services obtained through market or cash transactions, then the overall index may reflect engagement in the wage-labor economy rather than traditional or agricultural subsistence. It could be the case that low-skill wage labor jobs may lead to more consumer goods/services to make a household appear wealthier, but lacking an agricultural base that buffers against nutritional stress.

Here is an example of this dynamic in Africa with HIV.

Article Different forms of household wealth are associated with oppo...

I think one such criticism is construction of wealth index as it is about asset possession and not the value that household possess.

second see this paper which is actually about the undernutrition and wealth links in SSA.

https://www.ecronicon.com/ecnu/pdf/ECNU-14-00633.pdf

and also this paper

https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1/e001175

The effect of household wealth status depended on : age of childern ;gender;milk consuption artifficial or normal mothers milk ; parent educational ; early or late food suplemental with vitamins minerals ; applivation of hygiene steps to prepare foods ...ect....

Regards

I Agree With Faisal Abbas

Good work indeed