I am trying to build a scalable (based on anthropometry) multi-body model of adult human leg and thigh. Femur and tibia are represented by a set of segments (3-4) connected together with torsional springs to capture the bending of bones in Medio lateral and anterio posterior mode. The model is mainly aimed to capture and assess the injury risk in the medial lateral bending in case of pedestrian to automotive vehicle crashes.
3 point bending data of bones is available and there is considerable variation among the responses owing to the difference in length, geometry and other biological variation among specimens. Current models are based on optimizing the models response to the mean/average response of the specimen data. However this methodology does not take into account the cross sectional properties of bone and may only work in the validated case. To develop a generic model i wish to incorporate the bending stiffness calculated from beam theory into the torsional springs in the model. To do that i would need to know the variation of area moment of inertia through out the length of the bone. I have some CT data available to analyze this variation however i wish to know if this sort of work has already been done before. From the literature i have looked so far (Ruff et al.), this analysis has been done on archaeological bone specimens on a larger scale but i do not know the relevance of this older data.
If you can suggest me some authors and good articles it would be of great help. I am attaching a paper on the type of model i am talking about.
Dear Varun Bollapragada, your question is interesting and aimed, probably, on explanation of optimal sizes and structure of bones from "strength" and "Nature design" point of view. Then, analysis in paper you cited may be characterized as very thorough. I think, the book "Scaling. Why is animal size so important?" by Knut Schmidt-Nielsen will be useful for you too. All the best, Serge
Dear Serge,
It is a very interesting book indeed. Thanks for providing the reference.
You could look up the work of Tom Brown, Scott Delp, Rich Hart and Steve Cowin, Rick Huskis, Dwight Davy or Prof Cristofolini. If they don't have this information themselves in thier published works they probably have references to someone who has collected it.
Dear Varun, you might be interested in looking at some of the literature on development of population based study on bone using mesh morphing published by Dr. Mamadou T Bah, University of Southampton. Although they do not provide you a direct regression model, they provide you a way to establish it. All the best.
I found the works from the following authors quite helpful as it deals with the data from cadaveric specimen or volunteers rather than archeological specimens.
Miller et. al. 1980 (C) "The Geometrical Properties of Human Femur and Tibia "
Minns et. al. 1975 (C) "The geometrical properties of the human tibia"
Piziali et. al. 1976 (C) "An extended structural analysis of long bones--application to the human tibia"
Capozza et. al. 2010 (V) "Structural analysis of the human tibia by tomographic (pQCT) serial scans"
Cristofolini et. al. 2012 (C) "Shape and function of the diaphysis of the human tibia"
(C)- Cadaver specimen
(V)- Volunteer subjects
Thanks for all the inputs.
One interesting observation that i found was in data from the cadaveric specimens (generally older samples, 55+ years) the Area moment of inertia about the medial lateral axis was lower than the area moment of inertia about the anterior posterior axis.
The volunteer QCT data from capozza et al (from younger subjects 20-40 years, sample size =40) showed similar magnitude in the area moment of inertia about (M-L and A-P axes).
I could not find more studies to confirm this trend. However i think that the area moment of inertia along the medial lateral direction decreases with age. If anyone could comment more on this aspect it would be great.
Overall the area moment of inertia decreases from the proximal to the distal end of the diaphysis.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Mathematical Sciences
- Graphs