The accumulated knowledge about chromosomal Q-heterochromatin polymorphisms in human populations inevitably raises, at least two questions: (1) why is there so mush redundant DNA in chromosomes of higher eukaryotes and (2) what is the role of the genome organization on cellular function? My opinion on this subject expounded at these papers:

Ibraimov А.I., Mirrakhimov М.М., Nazarenko S.А., Axenrod Е.I. and Akbanova G.А. 1982. Нuman chromosomal polymorphism. I. Chromosomal Q-polymorphism in Mongoloid populations of Central Asia. Hum. Genet., 60: 1-7.

Ibraimov А. I. and Mirrakhimov М. М. 1982. Human chromosomal polymorphism. III. Chromosomal Q-polymorphism in Mongoloids of Northern Asia. Hum. Genet., 62: 252-257.

Ibraimov А. I. and Mirrakhimov М. М. 1982. Human chromosomal polymorphism. IV. Q-polymorphism in Russians living in Kirghizia. Hum. Genet., 62: 258-260.

Ibraimov А. I. and Mirrakhimov М. М. 1982. Human chromosomal polymorphism. V. Chromosomal Q-polymorphism in African populations. Hum. Genet., 62: 261-265.

Ibraimov А. I. and Mirrakhimov М. М. 1985. Q-band polymorphism in the autosomes and the Y chromosome in human populations. In: “Progress and Topics in Cytogenetics. The Y chromosome. Part А. Basic characteristics of Y chromosome”. А. А. Sandberg (Ed). Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York. USA, pp. 213-287.

Ibraimov А. I., Mirrakhimov М. М., Axenrod Е. I. and Kurmanova G.U. 1986. Human chromosomal polymorphism. IX. Further data on the possible selective value of chromosomal Q-heterochromatin material. Hum. Genet., 73: 151-156.

Ibraimov А. I., Kurmanova G. U., Ginsburg Е. К., Aksenovich T. I. and Axenrod Е. I. 1990. Chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions in native highlanders of Pamir and Tien-Shan and in newcomers. Cytobios, 63: 71-82.

Ibraimov А. I., Axenrod Е. 1., Kurmanova G. U. and Turapov О.А. 1991. Chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions in the indigenous population of the Northern part of West Siberia and in new migrants. Cytobios, 67: 95-100.

Ibraimov А. I. 1993. The origin of modern humans: а cytogenetic model. Нum. Evol., 8(2): 81-91.

Ibraimov А.I, Karagulova G.О. and Kim Е.Y. 2000. The relationship between the Y chromosome size and the amount of autosomal Q-heterochromatin in human populations. Cytobios, 102: 35-53.

Ibraimov A.I. 2003. Condensed chromatin and cell thermoregulation. Complexus, 1: 164-170.

Ibraimov A.I. 2004. The origin of condensed chromatin, cell thermoregulation and multicellularity. Complexus, 2: 23-34.

Ibraimov A.I. and Karagulova G.O. 2006. Chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions in individuals of various age groups. Int. J. Hum. Genet., 6(3): 219-228.

Ibraimov A.I. and Karagulova G.O. 2006. Chromosomal Q-heterochromatin variability in neonates deсeased during first year of age. Int. J. Hum. Genet., 6(4): 281-285.

Ibraimov A.I. and Tabaldiev S.K. 2007. Condensed chromatin, cell thermoregulation and human body heat conductivity. J. Hum. Ecol., 21(1): 1-22.

Ibraimov A.I. 2007. The evolution of body heat conductivity, skin and brain size in human. J. Hum. Ecol., 21(2): 95-103.

Ibraimov A.I. 2007. Genetic adaptation of man. In: Anthropology today: trends, scope and applications. Bhasin V, Bhasin MK, (eds). Kamla-Raj Enterprises, Delhi, India, pp. 513-523. Ibraimov A.I. 2008. On the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: the role of the blood temperature, phase transitions of lipoproteins and turbulence of blood flow. J. Hum. Ecol., 23(3): 195-201.

Ibraimov A.I. 2008. Possible mechanism of the sex differentiation and its artificial regulation. Int. J. Hum. Genet., 8(3).

Ibraimov A.I. 2009. Noncoding DNAs and origin of sex. Int. J. Hum. Genet., 9(1): 39-47.

Ibraimov A.I. 2010a. Noncoding DNAs in Development and Evolution. In: MK Bhasin, C Susanne (Eds.): Anthropology Today: Trends and Scope of Human Biology. Delhi: Kamla-Raj Enterprises, pp. 199- 224.

Ibraimov A.I. 2010b. Chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions in populations and human adaptation. In: MK Bhasin, C Susanne (Eds.): Anthropology Today: Trends and Scope of Human Biology. Delhi: Kamla- Raj Enterprises, pp. 225-250.

Ibraimov A.I., A.K. Kazakova, I.K. Moldotashev, M.T. Sultanmuratov and K.S. Abdyev 2010a. Variability of Human Body Heat Conductivity in Population. I. Methodological and Theoretical Approaches. J. Hum. Ecol. 32(1): 1-22.

Ibraimov, A.I., A.K. Kazakova, I.K. Moldotashev, M.T. Sultanmuratov and K.S. Abdyev

2010b. Variability of Human Body Heat Conductivity in Population. II. Diseases of Civilization.

J. Hum. Ecol. 32(2): 69-78.

Ibraimov A.I. Origin of modern humans: а cytogenetic model. Human Evolution, 2011, 26(1-2): 33-47.