Many big cities established their water supply and sewer systems very early during the last century. Many of the penstocks and pressure conduits are over 50 years old. Corrosion and erosion have reduced the strength of these structures to values less than original design strength, and demand on capacity or operations have resulted in more severe service than was originally anticipated. There has become increasingly concern about the number of penstock failures or other potentially dangerous incidents that have occurred in the operation of penstocks. Such potential for loss of life and damage to the environment requires some kind of organised inspection and testing of penstocks for utility companies. The purpose of this question is to survey the current state of the art for diagnostic and prognostic for the purpose of life extension of old cast iron penstock. Such a methodology should lead to inspection planning and testing to avoid the occurrence of a penstock failure.
Dear Dr Machell,
Thank you for taking time and answering my question.
I have looked into their site, but they don't divulge very much. Perhaps there is not much to divulge.
Kind regards and thanks
Sirous Yasseri
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