Is there a super resolution technique based on a single image and exploiting the geometrical and textural characteristics of the objects present in the image?
I assume that a super resolution technique is the technique which is capable of
resolving the atomic structure of the sample, in a range between 10-9 m to 10-10m). Therefore, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)or Scanning Tunneling Microscopy(STM) can do the job in a single image.
There are many works in literature that address the problem of single image super-resolution (SISR). You may start your literature survey by looking at the state-of-the art works from the most recent SISR challenges. These challenges are aimed at improving distortion measures and perceptual quality. Here are few references for further reading.
2018 PIRM Challenge on Perceptual Image Super-resolution - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.07517.pdf
NTIRE 2018 Challenge on Single Image Super-Resolution: Methods and Results - http://www.vision.ee.ethz.ch/~timofter/publications/NTIRE2018_SR_report_CVPRW-2018.pdf