Scientific neutrality, or the ideal model of science as free from all social and ideological values and attitudes, has been questioned in many academic circles by socially oriented people, and the progress and growth of scientific knowledge in their eyes is not proceeding as such in reality.
A first step towards a full answer would be to distinguish motivation for pursuing a theory (formulating, testing, expounding, implementing) from the content of the theory or the hypotheses and observations that contribute to it. Measurements recorded by a device are neutral, but why what is chosen to be recorded and subsequently deployed is not. Theories close to nature (such as those of physics and chemistry) can be expected to be neutral in what they describe, but not in the reasons for choosing to pursue those theories and descriptions in the first place and also not in the use of those theories and descriptions to develop and implement technologies. Theories with historical and social components (e.g. evolutionary biology, sociology, history) are likely to favor certain social constructs over others and make assumptions of a teleological/functional sort that reflect ideological values, all in addition to values manifested in motivation and implementation of those theories.
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