@ M Benmerikhi, definately there is relationship between research output and economic development of a country. India followed Dr Mahalnobis four sector growth model to achive economic development from 1956 to 1990. Indian economy is benefitted.

Thanks Juan, I concur with your answer. But how about how the research output of a nation is channeled in the economic system? Inevitably, it would constitute a large pool of ideas to solve issues, problems...etc. at many levels.

Thanks Dr Arjun, this is very pertinent information. Are there any measurable indicators on the impact of those growth sectors on regional development in India? For example, income levels. Is there any documented evidence you can refer me to?

There is empirical evidence that such relationship exits, although in my opinion we have to look into the kind of research that is being done and how it translates into innovative products, services or processes. Another important issue is the countries which benefit the most from this research which are not always the countries which perform the research.

Research output is directly related with economic development

It would be great if you could elaborate further on your statement and share some of your thoughts.

@ m Benmerikhi, certainly you may get a good number of research papers and research theses on development of Indian economy during five year plan period. There are publications by Govt. of India/Planning commission on achievements of Indian economy, plan-wise. In brief the present status of Indian economy is the outcome of Dr Mahalnobis Growth Model. Please refer 'Shoodganga.com' and Panning commission of India website.

I think it is impossible to estimate the exact impact of education or research on economic development indicators, like GNP. However, such a correlation exists. The most developed countries have higher education and researc levels than developing countries. For example, most of Noble Prize winners comes from the most developed countries.

very few topics in research are supported by Govt Funding, if the economic growth is taking place then the industry is coming up and when industry is coming up they need to find out innovative methods, procedures to improve their products & procedures in order to increase their income and vise versa. In developing countries more than 50% research is supported by private industry i.e pharmaceutical industry

@D Cimpoies Developing Countries/Backward Countries need more research work on their problems and policies than developed countries; there is no correlation between Nobel Prize Winning and impact-oriented research works; there are so many virtues unrewarded. In India so many rural development/anti-poverty programs are being implemented on suggestions/reccommendations from research work.

Very interesting

Please refer the link below. This is one of my research finding directly linked with development.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247159948_Conjunctive_Use_of_Surface_and_Groundwater_to_Improve_Food_Productivity_in_Dry_Zone_Area

Article Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater to Improve Food P...

http://p-e.up.krakow.pl/article/view/446

see fig. 10

The correlation between investment outlays on R & D in administration business and higher education in the regions of France for 1 worker and GDP per 1 employee

That you Slawomir. This is insightful and I will send you some comments once I read the full article.

unfortunately, it is only in Polish

Maybe you can find something interesting in

http://br.wszia.edu.pl/zeszyty/pdfs/br29_2dorocki.pdf (en)

http://www.bulletinofgeography.umk.pl/18_2012/02_dorocki.pdf (en)

http://prace-kgp.up.krakow.pl/article/view/483 (pl)

An easy way to look at it is to link R&D spending with real GDP growth. Granger causality tests may help to answer another question related to the subject: do countries spend more on R&D as they grow faster or they grow faster because they spend more on R&G.

According to expert estimates, in order to the scientific research have had a positive impact on economic progress, the scientific funds should be more than 1% of GDP. Moreover, at least 40-50% of the funds for development of science must be obtained additionally from the private sector. Most industrially and economically developed countries invest in science from 2-4% of GDP and have about 4 researchers full time on 1000 people employed in the economy.

Ghani, thank you very much for the valuable references you provided. There is certainly a wealth of information which can enrich this discussion significantly.

Marica, many thanks to you too. The information you provided seems to be coherent with the aforementioned references from Ghani.

Recent statistics suggest that France for instance is ranked third internationally, in terms of the number of patents. Howerver, this seems to translate inefficiently to real economic growth. France is also ranked 11th in terms of innovation. Perhaps this reflects that only a very small fraction of patents turns into successful innovations (real products or solutions propagated into the market). Also, a recent statement by an MIT professor says that 70% of the GDP of the US is generated from products that did not exist 15 years ago.

Perhaps a deep reflection in terms of these figures can trigger some interesting debates, or even provide additional insight into this issue.