@Syed Talha Tirmizi, it's not impossible for that transition to be made but it would be a gradual change but the good news is that such vehicles do exist...... renewable fuel is not so common amongst law makers in the world and this is one of the barriers that we must overcome for this feat to be achieved.....the shortcomings of internal combustion engines especially in the environmental sphere must be taught to the masses, understood by them and finally generally accepted by the people.....it is after this notion has been accepted that the change you seek can occur......today, Electric machines and cars are known, tomorrow might just be the turn of vehicles that run on renewable fuel.

The global transition to renewable energies will not take place in my view in the near term. Energy poverty is present in many countries and the demand for energy keeps growing at an alarming rate. In order to meet this demand, governments will resort to any energy sources available, possibly prioritizing those that are more accessible. These energy sources could be fossil fuels in many cases. As far as transportation is concerned the transition to electric vehicles could also take a considerable amount of time. Being realistic we have to acknowledge that renewable energies have great potential but technical and financial resources are also required and many countries face scarcity to solve the energy issues.

Iwuozor Ogemdi Kingsley The curriculum of most of the institutes, especially schools, teach about the climate change and environmental deterioration due to oil and gas combustion. Don't you think that the world understands the climate changes issues? The problem is that renewable energy still covers a negligible part in the global energy mix, so do you foresee that oil and gas industry will decline till 2050? Wont be difficult for world to leave ICE and adopt electric vehicles?

Carlos Rodríguez-Monroy Thank you sir for your answer. I wish to know if developed countries will completely transition to electric cars in 10 years or more? How much change do you see in your everyday life in your country?

The curriculum of schools in the science realm contains the science of climate change but the question is that how many of our policy makers are aware of it? How many of them are willing to give up the income they get from ICE......like I said, it's going to be a gradual process and am sure some of the ICE vehicles will still be in use by 2050 because it's not easy for humans to adapt to change

Iwuozor Ogemdi Kingsley Thanks for a very important insight.

@Syed Talha Tirmizi My perception is that developed countries will move forward with the transition to EV at different speeds depending on the governments' willingness to favor or to slow down the process. The issue is that great change in infrastructure is required and funds need to be allocated for this purpose penalizing other social needs. Norway, for example, is moving forward a

Another challenge that will probably impede total transition to the renewables is the temperature range at which they are mostly exploited, which are quite low. Some industrial processes (in steel, cement and other industries) require high-temeperature heat sources, and that's hard to come by with the renewables. Biomass could be handy in this regard, but it also has a lot of sustainability issues that have to be addressed. So, fossil fuels will remain relevant for a while, in my opinion, but we should keep working hard towards an outright transition to renewable and sustainable energy era, for the sake of the environment.

The simple answer is yes! There are several reasons such as the need to reduce the net emissions of greenhouse gases, the need for security of supply etcetera but the simple fact is that the fossil fuels are a finite resource. At one point it has to be replaced by renewables. It may take 50 years, 100 years or 250 years but you can be sure that it will happen.

Biomass can be upgraded to high quality fuels such as biomethane, methanol, ethanol, DME, Fischer-Tropsch Diesel and they are able to replace the fossil counterpart in all applications independent if it's high temperature processes or not. However, it comes at a cost.

I am driving a biogas powered car myself and I am sure that renewable methane will play a central part together with electricity in the future transportation sector. Renewable methane can be produced in several ways, anaerobic digestion/upgrading (biomethane), thermal gasification of woody biomass followed by methanation (bioSNG) and Power-to-gas (electro-methane).

Only in Europe there are at the moment 3 733 filling stations for compressed methane (natural gas and biomethane) and 244 filling stations for liquefied methane and the numbers are increasing day by day. The transition has already started...

I think full transition to the renewable resources are not possible. Because renewable energy resources integration is more costlier and has several technical challenges.However, research is going on. In near future, we hope that these integration makes it easier and cost effective.

The transition to clean and sustainable energy sources is inevitable but the rate of change is likely to be quite slow for several reasons. First, to fight energy poverty governments will try to find urgent solutions among the energy sources that are most accessible and in many cases these sources may be fossil fuels. Second, energy suppliers may be resistant to change from their usual business to one that is more environmentally friendly. Third, low-income consumers will aim mostly at the lowest-cost energy that they can afford, which in many cases will be conventional sources. In my view, clean sustainable energies will coexist for a long time in the world and only in the very long term will clean energies prevail. In this long process technological progress and economies of scale will play an important role.

I recently commented to a similar questions related to application of solar energy in steppe regions. That commentary would be better applied here and I repeat it. As one who has followed global energy trends very closely for the last few years, I offer my perspective. As scientists and engineers we should view the ecosystem as a whole and consider energy balances. More fundamentally, we need to recognize the second law of thermodynamics. The ecosystem is subject to loss and decay. Recognizing this ought not stop research, development and application of electric energy sources with the least environmental impact. Complete transition to wind, solar, hydro, and the lesser technologies cannot sustain an industrial society. American culture is not willing to live on intermittent power and the rest of the world appears bent on matching our level of consumption. Many social, economic, and security factors impact the drive toward sustainability. That term itself belies sound definition. The sun itself is not going anywhere soon but it has a life span. So does the earth. My hope is in a Higher Source who has revealed Himself as a Father.

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Full energy transition at the moment is only possible with an energy cultural change.

Dear Gad, Most people would agree that the growth of RE is inevitable although it may not happen at the speed that energy experts and politicians may have predicted. In particular, there are strong economic motivations that well-established energy companies have to perpetuate their traditional business model and the implementation of new technologies will come at a cost.

Some established petroleum companies have understood that and are converting themselves progressively into (sustainable) energy companies (for example REPSOL - https://www.repsol.com/en/about-us/index.cshtml ). These changes take time as time is necessary to change from diesel and gasoline cars into sustainable energy cars driven by sustainable electricity (produced in a sustainable way), sustainable biofuels and hydrogen.