What is the optimum method to prepare gold nanoparticles for surface modification?
Yes. There are two methods for AuNPs production; 1. using citrate buffer for HauCl4 reduction 2. using electrodeposition technique for HauCl4 reduction. The simple way for AuNPs modification with DNA based on Au-Thiolated DNA interaction. Besides that, AuNPs can be use for signal enhancement in hybridization detection.
Besides fabrication you should think of the kind of assay you would like to pursue. For bulk detection you can use a DNA functionalized GNP in a bulk solution. Particles, with proper designed oligomers will aggregate upon binding of the target strand. This can be measured with any conventional photospectrometer.
For extremely sensitive detection you could monitor individual particles under darkfield microscopy as we have showed in this paper:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566311003836
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