What are the information or data that can be obtained from XPS measurement?
You should read wikipedia "x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy".
Basically, XPS is for qualitative chemical analysis of thin-film samples, it rarely gives accurate composition
Hi,
It is for qualitative chemical analysis as Oleg was saying above. The interpretation is the real challenge if your sample contains several species in the same spectrum; in this case, you might end up with few clear peaks for sodium (Na), oxygen (O2) and carbon (C) and other smaller peaks or humps - for which, based on the location and knowledge/ experience, you or the technician can assume is Na2O, etc (possible chemical reactions between elements).
Dear Colleague Prasad,
X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS was used to investigate the chemistry at the surface of the samples. The basic mechanism behind an XPS instrument is that the photons of a specific energy are used to excite the electronic states of atoms at and just below the surface of the sample.
There are several areas suited to measurement by XPS:
1. Elemental composition
2. Empirical formula determination
3. Chemical state
4. Electronic state
5. Binding energy
6. Layer thickness in the upper portion of surfaces
XPS has many advantages, such as it is is good for identifying all but two elements, identifying the chemical state on surfaces, and is good with quantitative analysis. XPS is capable of detecting the difference in chemical state between samples. XPS is also able to differentiate between oxidations states of molecules.
XPS has also some limitations, for instance, samples for XPS must be compatible with the ultra high vacuum environment. XPS is limited to measurements of elements having atomic numbers of 3 or greater, making it unable to detect hydrogen or helium. XPS spectra also take a long time to obtain. The use of a monochromator can also reduce the time per experiment.
Hope this helping
Have a very good day
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