It's important to note that while recycling is an important part of waste management, it should be accompanied by efforts to reduce overall waste generation, promote reuse, and improve the durability and lifespan of products. Some recycled items may have limitations in terms of how many times they can be recycled or how long they remain useful. By adopting a holistic approach to waste management, we can minimize the environmental impact of waste and work towards a more reliable concept of environmental sustainability.

Dr Muhammad Zakwan Anas Abd Wahid thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Recycling also conserves resources and protects the environment. Environmental benefits include reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills and combustion facilities; conserving natural resources, such as timber, water and minerals; and preventing pollution by reducing the need to collect new raw materials. Recycling refers to an eco-friendly waste management system that protects the environment and secures the community's wellbeing. Materials such as plastics, paper, glass, and aluminum can be recycled and reused over and over again. Source reduction, also known as waste prevention, means reducing waste at the source, and is the most environmentally preferred strategy. It can take many different forms, including reusing or donating items, buying in bulk, reducing packaging, redesigning products, and reducing toxicity. Recycling helps to reduce the quantities of solid waste deposited in landfills, which have become increasingly expensive to dispose. Recycling also reduces air, water and land pollution caused by poor waste disposal. Recycling and recovery is only one phase of an integrated approach to solid waste management that also includes reducing the amount of waste produced, composting , incinerating, and land filling. Also, recycling saves a lot of energy because many things that we recycle can easily be converted into virgin materials. In addition, it saves a lot of resources too. Moreover, recycling reduces the burden of the environment. As we save energy the number of greenhouse gases and oxides are produced in less quantity. Sustainable waste management means reducing and avoiding the amount of single-use plastic products along with increasing the amount recycled at the same time, which currently stands at just 8.5%.Recycling saves trees and forests, decreases the need for extraction of new metal ores. Protects the ecosystem and wildlife. Macroeconomic goals are sustained by keeping the source of materials in domestic markets. Prevents pollution caused by extracting new raw materials and cuts carbon emissions. Another advantage is the impact recycling has on the environment: by reducing the need for raw materials it conserves limited natural resources such as timber, water and minerals. Recycling also prevents pollution and saves energy by reducing the need to collect, transport and treat raw materials.Recycling is an important part of waste management and environmental conservation efforts, as it reduces the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, conserves natural resources, and reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the extraction and processing of raw materials.

Recycling has proven useless.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2021/05/22/three-reasons-recycling-is-failing/?sh=36f5fba77e09

Dr Phil Geis thank you for your contribution to the discussion