I have read some discussions here and other forums seems that some diabetic mice will experiencing decreased insulin expression. Some people suggested using proinsulin as the marker for insulin/ beta-cell. My questions are:

  • Whether proinsulin is a marker that is accepted in the field for staining beta-cell in pancreatic islets using immuno-fluorescent?
  • Whether the marker is specific to beta-cell, i.e. whether other islets cells will also co-express proinsulin (e.g. alpha cells)?
  • What are the preferred markers for islet staining?
  • It would be great you can also suggest some landmark papers as evidence that I might use as references.

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