La régénération spontanée peut se faire à partir du stroma (corps cellulaire) s'il n'est pas endommagé par la lésion. C'est-à-dire si la lésion concerne seulement les prolongements neuronaux( axones, dendritiques). Il existe aussi le phénomène de plasticité neuronale dont les neurones de voisinage, émettent des prolongements de suppléance pour combler le vide laissé par le neurone lésé (endommagé).

Yes, nerve tissue regeneration is possible, but its extent depends on whether the damage is in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) or central nervous system (CNS).

• PNS Regeneration: The PNS has a higher regenerative capacity due to the support of Schwann cells, which promote axonal growth through Wallerian degeneration and secrete neurotrophic factors. If the neuronal cell body remains intact, peripheral axons can regenerate at about 1 mm/day.
• CNS Regeneration: The CNS has limited regeneration due to myelin-associated inhibitors (e.g., Nogo-A), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), and glial scar formation. These inhibitory molecules and astrocytic scars prevent axonal regrowth and functional recovery.

Neurological Repair Mechanisms:

• Neuroplasticity: the ability of the nervous system to change its activity in response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, functions, or connections after injuries, such as a stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI).
• Stem Cell Therapy: Involves the transplantation of neural stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to replace damaged neurons.
• Neurotrophic Factors: Application of growth factors like BDNF and NGF to stimulate axonal regrowth and survival.
• Gene Therapy: Modifies expression of inhibitory proteins and enhances regenerative genes.
• Bioengineered Scaffolds: Utilizes synthetic or biological conduits to guide axonal regrowth.