Dear Asim Najmi :

The electrokinetic potential effect on cell movement or micelles DDAB when electrophoresis and does not affect the toxicity. We have found that cationic surfactants at low concentrations penetrate into the hydrophobic pocket of hydrogenase of cell. Block its work. At high concentrations of DDAD there is  total destruction of the cell membrane. You can see a series of our work on the bactericidal properties of the salts alkilizotiuronievy in Russian.

Best regards.

thanks so much YURI Mirgorod, i assume that the study has been done In vitro study, if that right i am wondering, those who lose there cell membrane or there membrane has been destruction did it response to trypsin or no?  also, could you please provide me the paper that you publish on this work? 

Articles see in my profile:

 Mirgorod Yu.A., Mikhno I.L .Taran V.V. Test of bactericidal activity nonilizotiuronium chloride in natural conditions. //Bulletin of the Sumy State University.1996. N1. 126 -131.

 Mirgorod Yu.A., Mikhno I.L .Taran V.V. The mechanism of action of disinfectant in the microbial cell. //Bulletin of the Sumy State University.1995. N2. 101-106.

 Mirgorod Yu.A., Mikhno I.L .Taran V.V. Antimicrobial properties s-akilizotiuronium halides. Bulletin of the Sumy State University.1994. N1. 134-137.

Best regards.

Hi, Cationic liposome toxicity subject is explained below:

The fact is despite the enormous research and development works on

liposomes, only a small number of liposomal products have been approved for

human use so far. A major drawback in the clinical utilisation of liposomes is the

toxicity associated with some of these lipid vesicles. For instance there are many

reports on the toxicity of cationic liposomes (Panzner and Jansons 1979; Chawla et al

1979; Campbell 1983; Filion and Phillips 1997, 1998; Dokka et al 2000; Nagahiro et

al 2000) with the exact mechanism of toxicity remaining unclear. One reason for the

cationic liposome toxicity is believed to be the interaction of the cationic lipids with

cell organelle membranes, specifically the anionic lipids making up these membranes

(Xu and Szoka 1996). For example, in mitochondrial membranes, cardiolipin is the

major anionic lipid, and interaction of this lipid with cationic species would be

detrimental to the basic energy reactions of the cell (for a review see Dass et al 1997).

Another postulated mechanism, for cationic lipid-mediated toxicity in the lung, is the

involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates (Dokka et al 2000). On the other hand,

volatile organic solvents employed in the manufacture of liposomes, including

chloroform and methanol, may remain in the final liposome preparation and

contribute to potential toxicity and influence the stability of the vesicles (Vemuri and

Rhodes 1995; Cortesi et al 1999). Residual solvents in pharmaceuticals, generally

known as organic volatile impurities (OVIs), not only have no therapeutic benefits

but may also be hazardous to the environment and human health (Dwivedi 2002).

ALSO SEE ATTACHED PAPER REGARDING CYTOTOXICTY EVALUATION OF ANIONIC LIPOSOMES.