Working in coffee on acidic (pH 4.5-5.5) and weathered (CEC 2-7 cmolc kg-1) tropical soils in the Brazil, Zambia and Tanzania, we would like to convert dried post-harvest residues (pulp, husks) to biochar and then apply it back in the field. However, these are perennial systems with shallow rooting systems and tillage or ripping for getting biochar in the soil is not advised once the crop is planted. Is biochar still beneficial and if so, what would be the best mode and rate of application?