It is common practice in the hydrological modelling community to calibrate hydrological models (HMs) with observational data sets for the historical epoch. This entails that parameters of HMs are constrained on observed values. For scenario development in a given future period, outputs from AOGCMs/ESMs are used to derive future hydrologic components and conclusions are derived. This obviously is flawed in many ways. 

Does anyone know of any cutting-edge methodologies which have been used to address this data inconsistency issue? 

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