It also prevents receptor shedding in general, like HER2 HER3, and decreases beta catenin levels, increases JUN and TNF mRNA levels. And it works in cell culture to either prevent proliferation or cause apoptosis( mechanism unknown as to how it decreases cell numbers).
Peter Thomas
Increasing TNFa may be a problem. There is quite a large literature that suggests TNFa activates endothelial cells and up regulates adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, ICAM-1 etc. This can affect a tumor cells ability to invade into the circulation and to exit the circulation at a potential metastatic site. This could increase the metastatic potential of the tumor. These studies have for the most part been carried out in pre-clinical models (mice).
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