In my opinion, human poverty is not only material but it is also mental & spiritual. In my perspective, to be a rich does not depend alone on the abundance of material fortune, but it also depends upon the kindness of the heart. In other words, poverty is not external manifest  wealth alone; it also includes the inner self of the human too. There are persons, who have tons of gold, but they are poor in mental faculty, the right set of priorities, ethics, empathy, and many positive attributes.

Dear Colleagues,

Good Day,

A person is considered poor if either income or spending falls below some minimum level that represents basic needs in each society. This is called the poverty line. The poverty line is not the same everywhere because it is relative to what is the norm in a particular country.

It is measured by:

1- Budget Standard Approach: a poverty line is calculated based on the cost of a specific basket of goods and services that are considered by experts, to represent a basic living standard.

2- Food Ratio Method: where the poor are distinguished from the non-poor by the proportion of their money spent on necessities such as food, clothes and shelter.

3- Social Security Poverty Line: when lowest level of social welfare payment is used as equivalent to a poverty line.

4- United Nations Poverty Index: combines measures such as life expectancy, literacy, long-term unemployment and relative income.

you can see the following links for further reading.

www.eapn.eu/en/what-is-poverty/how-is-poverty-measured

https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/measure.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_poverty

In my opinion, human poverty is not only material but it is also mental & spiritual. In my perspective, to be a rich does not depend alone on the abundance of material fortune, but it also depends upon the kindness of the heart. In other words, poverty is not external manifest  wealth alone; it also includes the inner self of the human too. There are persons, who have tons of gold, but they are poor in mental faculty, the right set of priorities, ethics, empathy, and many positive attributes.

Dear Pahlaj. poverty is a relative term. what you need to live if you get you are rich. If a person eats in luxury hotel for a month by his expense then he will become poor if he does not support his earnings.

If the number of mouths that one needs to feed increases than the income he becomes poor.

Nomadics used to run from one place to the other for food so that they could live. Now the people are running from one place to the other for money to buy food. to live. so are you a money nomadic.

End of the day with the income one spends on drugs alcohol and entertainment. transport storage clothes. education pleasures picnics and tourist spots.  vacation.

Are these necessary to judge poverty. roads to suit vehicles. Bulidings to suit your luxuries. architects to suit your ego. Dress to show your wealth. and jewels to decorate your body. are these the real richness or the wisdom that one has to share the value of life. Just ask yourself why  is education being denied to the poor. Why are schools not opened and maintained cleanly. Is the money differentiating you and me and difining poverty.

Why are malls promoted why are marketing strategy created. Why was the taste of water altered Why did the simple potato that grows in the soil has to reach you by travelling a hundred miles. these create Poverty.

Only change in attitude and equality in thought and love for humans will eliminate poverty.

Human poverty is related to both mind and resources.

By Resources: one is poor if not having resources for livelihood, it may be due to lack of resources or uneven distribution of resources.

By Mind: If you think you are poor, no doubt you are poor by mind. If you don't think so, definitely you will work, generate resources, and so, you are not poor.

To be ethically depraved and deprived of good!

@Pahlaj, I believe poverty exists when and where needs are not met.  The needs may be on any level of Maslow's pyramid, whether it's physiological, safety or higher needs.

This paper, by Atkinson, has been greatly cited on measurement of poverty. The next link is on poverty and poverty measurement in EU.

http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Atkinson-1987.pdf

http://www.eapn.eu/en/what-is-poverty/how-is-poverty-measured

You have a good point, dear Cecilia.  Poverty is relative.  In the past, even rich folks didn't even have our present toilets.  And my ancestors must have been drinking river water.  (So present day 'poor' folks have a better lot than rich folks of the past.)

 'Mark Twain once pondered how to drink river water: let it sit in a glass, where a half-inch or more of mud would settle out, or keep it thick and stirred up for added “nutritiousness.” While Kansas City is a rivertown, most residents in the 1800s avoided this dilemma by relying on springs and wells, with many using a well at what is now 10th and McGee streets.'

http://kcmo.gov/water/drinking-water/

I do agree Dr. Nizar Matar. Of course, a richest man in the world can be poor in the sense that he will always restless and will be thinking amass more and more. We have many folk stories regarding why a rich is not happy, while a poor is happy. It is feeling of contentedness o lack of it that makes a person rich or poor.

However, the other part of the query how to measure it, leads us into material world. Surveys regarding happiness may tell us about emotions/feelings regarding how people find themselves in society. It also includes contentedness because majority of the poor countries score high on this score. As such, happiness does not reflect material conditions of life.

Economists have developed two concepts; deprivation and absolute poverty. Deprivation/relative poverty in certain circumstances may be misleading as pointed out by Amartya Sen. He gives an example of two neighbours; one posses 20 limousines, while the other has only 10 limousines and later feels deprived. Is his claim of deprivation justified?

Concept of absolute poverty initially developed in England was confined only to nutrition that is, one whether gets enough food to maintain life process (growth, reproduction etc.) and work capacity which was of great concern for capitalist as on this basis wages have to be negotiated. Latter, other variable like maintenance of shelter, enough clothes to save one from the elements of seasons/climates, money to meet social and cultural obligations.

But, what if having enough money to meet all these necessities of life, one does not feel contended? Underlying wars or violent armed conflicts and social ferments and environmental problems one reason is this non-contentedness.

Dear @Pahlaj, fine map is attached for human poverty! The third link is about Human Poverty Index! 

http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=174

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index

Let me add a search in YouTube about poverty and in particular a video about Greek crisis, and the increase of poverty there:

Human poverty in YouTube:

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=human+poverty

What Pisses Me Off About Greece's Debt Crisis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xH7GCOYjj5E

Unable to satisfy basic needs of living is Poverty.

It is not necessarily money alone; health is also one of the major factor which drains to poverty. It also affects employ-ability and there by reduces the opportunity to earn-ability.

Exploitations do occur, there is no exceptions.

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261360429_Exploitation_of_Human_Rights_in_Indian_Industrial_Sector
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261360379_RENPER_4-_REACH_THE_POOR_THROUGH_EMPLOYABILITY_SKILLS_DEV_-_Automobile_Segment
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261635078_Ethical_business_approaches_to_eradicate_Poverty

Data Exploitation of Human Rights in Indian Industrial Sector

Data RENPER 4- REACH THE POOR THROUGH EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS DEV - ...

Data Ethical business approaches to eradicate Poverty

Poverty of Mind

Poverty of Spirit

Poverty of Wealth or Resources

Poverty of Options

Poverty of Ability or Training

Poverty in Experience

Poverty in Speech

Poverty of Knowledge

Poverty of Feelings

Poverty of Dignity

Poverty of Memory

Poverty of Witnesses

Poverty of .....

" are these the real richness or the wisdom that one has to share the value of life"- it's what one colleague mentioned before and I agree.

The person with wisdom is- spiritually- a rich one.Wisdom and contentedness are interelated.The money create a false perception of hapiness and security.

Money can be earned in many ways.Unfortunately, our society nowadays consider money the supreme value.You have money you have anything,you are rich.You can buy whatever you want.But can you buy wisdom, love, respect,sincerity,onestity ?So the true values can't be bought.The true values are moral values that make somebody reach ; you can measure them only in a qualitative way, by observing the character of the person.

This poster is helpful.

http://www.worldmapper.org/posters/worldmapper_map174_ver5.pdf

Poverty is not just a financial state. Being poor affects life in many ways. The human poverty index uses indicators that capture non-financial elements of poverty, such as life expectancy, adult literacy, water quality, and children that are underweight. The 30 territories of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development use a different index which includes income and long-term unemployment; and not water quality or underweight children. This implies that the poor in richer territories are materially better off.

The highest human poverty index scores are in Central Africa, the lowest are in Japan.

Dear @Kevin, we do speak about the same map, am I right? Actually, my first attachment on this page is this map, as I do recognize whole the text: "Poverty is not just a financial state.

Being poor affects life in many ways.

The human poverty index uses

indicators that capture non-financial

elements of poverty, such as life

expectancy, adult literacy, water quality,

and children that are underweight.

The 30 territories of the Organisation

for Economic Cooperation and

Development use a different index

which includes income and long-term

unemployment; and not water quality

or underweight children. This implies

that the poor in richer territories are

materially better off.

The highest human poverty index

scores are in Central Africa, the lowest

are in Japan."

Such contribution was deleted and the researcher seems to be disappeared (removed), Shaban Ahmed for the reason of plagiarism!

You should be very careful when citing the sources! Dear @Kevin, not bad intention, just a friendly suggestion!

Human poverty is a relative matter, can be measured by income level/per capita income.

To me, it is the function of both -- State of Mind and Deprived of Resources.

I also think, human poverty is not only material but also mental, spiritual and knowledge.

I agree with dear Dr. Nizar Matar & Ljubomir Jacić about this Q.

Ljubomir,

Thanks for input.  (However, we can all clarify what the purposes of citation are intended in general.)

Don't forget that citing sources is done so that others can look them up and properly critique the research, etc.

So, what you did is appropriate and helpful.  I intended no plagiarism.  I only provided a link to be perused.

Kevin

p.s. Strangely, my link, when I open the link of Ljubomir now, opens to: file:///C:/Users/k.stoda.SCT/Downloads/Human%20povert%20map%20(1).pdf

So, this sort of linking of information is also misleading, eh.  Isn't it?  In short, my desktop just claimed that the document from someone else is now tagged on my desktop as my own.  Confusing.

The link I had clicked on was from Ljubomir at https://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=54e72a9cd039b194218b45f6&key=bf563b9f-a138-4b5a-a4b0-89307857a51f

Dear @Kevin, I am glad that You have got the point. I do know that You had no intent of plagiarism. I am very glad that You consider what I have done appropriate and helpful. Thanks.

Cynical, but true Ch.Bukowski, "Instead I learned that the poor usually stay poor. That the young rich smell the stink of the poor and learn to find it a bit amusing"

Poverty is not just a financial state. Being poor affects life in many ways. The human poverty index uses indicators that capture non-financial elements of poverty, such as life expectancy, adult literacy, water quality, and children that are underweight. The 30 territories of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development use a different index which includes income and long-term unemployment; and not water quality or underweight children. This implies that the poor in richer territories are materially better off.

Dear @Hussein, "your answer" is given few times under this thread! Just we should behave ethically! Please read previous posts and my response  at the top of this very same page!

Hybrid Model - Poverty Influence

• Harold W. Watts (University of Wisconsin, Institute for Research on Poverty – An Economic Definition of Poverty)

• United Nations approach ie.,the many threats to human security,

differing for individuals at different times, fall into seven insecurities:

1. Economic

2. Food

3. Health

4. Personal

5. Environmental

6. Community and cultural

7. Political

RENPER 4- REACH THE POOR THROUGH EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS DEV - Automobile Segment, Pp3-4

Does Choice between an Endogenous and a Fixed Poverty Line Affect the Poverty Outcome of Policy Reforms? "This research aims at theoretically investigating the difference of poverty outcomes between applying a fixed and an endogenous poverty line. Applying the microeconomic theory of consumer behavior and the properties of the poverty function, this study has theoretically proven that, if the fixed poverty line is applied, the poverty impact of policy reforms which significantly increase (decrease) price will always be underestimated (overestimated). "

The fine resource which was introduced by @Krishnan is very good, so I have attached a resource AN ECONOMIC DEFINITION OF POVERTY!

http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/67763376/does-choice-between-endogenous-fixed-poverty-line-affect-poverty-outcome-policy-reforms

http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/dps/pdfs/dp568.pdf

Countries use economic criteria to determine poverty line. Per capita income or earning per day determine whether the individual is below or above poverty line.

What ever it is?

Poverty is curse!

Poverty is perhaps the greatest curse of mankind and it can be measured through economic return, livelihood diversity index, CBA of a particular programme adopted by a community etc.

Pp 31-33

Poverty leads to poor bargaining power and thereby to exploitation

Data Exploitation of Human Rights in Indian Industrial Sector

Yes, exploitation is one of the important factor that causes poverty.

Exploitation Poverty, blame the employers! It starts with Karl Marx, but many fine resources are available.

http://world-poverty.org/exploitationpoverty.htm

Those who have sufficient  but can not give it to others are poor. Those who are not satisfied with the life they possess are poor. We can  not ignore the relation between the financial status and line of poverty. But I feel poverty also resides in our mind.

Poverty is a word that should have no place in the scientific literature, as it hopelessly confuses the important distinction between relative and absolute deprivation.   Much of the modern literature on "poverty" is actually concerned with inequality.   Scientifically, it is like trying to have a clear discussion when the mean and standard deviation are conflated and the same word is used to label both.