Brief report:

In Croatia, we use both electricity and natural gas for domestic use.In the course of 2012., the consumption of most energy forms decreased whers only the consumption of fuel wood and biomas, other renewables.

-crude oil was produced from 33 oil fields and gas condensation products from 8 gas-condensation fields in Croatia

- natural gas was produced from 18 on -shore and 9 off shore gas fielda which covers 67.7 percent of total domestic demand. However, considering only the off-shore natural gas production that belongs to Croatia, the domestic production of natural gas meets 59.1 percent of total demand.

-in 2012., gross electricity consumption in the Republic of Croatia amounted to 18,186.4 GWh and was only 1.8 percent lower than the previus year

- n 2012., energy self-supply amounted to 48,3 percent, which is 0.6 percent lower than the previous year.

We use both electricity and NG for domestic use. the NG is mostly used in the winter for heating purposes and for coking all year. The coverage of natural gas is not 100% yet but it almost covers all cities .

Most of Iran’s gas is consumed domestically and has been increasing at an average annual rate of 12% for the past 15 years. Iran is seeking to reach a capacity of one million bpd of GTL-derived gasoline within the next decade.

Iran has approximately 29.6 trillion cubic meters of proven gas reserves which accounts for 16% of the world’s total reserves. This places Iran behind Russia with the second largest gas reserves worldwide. In 2009, Iran’s natural gas production stood at 116 billion cubic metres. In 2010, this number rose to 138.5 billion cubic metres which shows a 19% increase. Iran plans to boost its natural gas production by 200 million cubic meters until March 2016.

http://www.worldbulletin.net/economy/143902/iran-launches-mideasts-largest-lng-storage-facility

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Iranian_Gas_Company

Dear Dr.Behrouz, 

Thank You for your complete answer!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Brief report:

In Croatia, we use both electricity and natural gas for domestic use.In the course of 2012., the consumption of most energy forms decreased whers only the consumption of fuel wood and biomas, other renewables.

-crude oil was produced from 33 oil fields and gas condensation products from 8 gas-condensation fields in Croatia

- natural gas was produced from 18 on -shore and 9 off shore gas fielda which covers 67.7 percent of total domestic demand. However, considering only the off-shore natural gas production that belongs to Croatia, the domestic production of natural gas meets 59.1 percent of total demand.

-in 2012., gross electricity consumption in the Republic of Croatia amounted to 18,186.4 GWh and was only 1.8 percent lower than the previus year

- n 2012., energy self-supply amounted to 48,3 percent, which is 0.6 percent lower than the previous year.

In Spain, the use of electricity is still the predominant:

-The energy matrix based on the use of hydropower and coal termical and nuclear, too

-Electric energy tariff is increasing without sense

-natural gas is used on the most developed areas

-Spain was a leader region on renewables energies (wind energy) but now it is stopped by goverment because "they don,t believe in the positive impact of this energies"

Dear Dr. Eraldo and Dear Dr. Darko,

Thanks for always excelent contributions!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear Dra. Rosa Maria,

Thank You for the important contribution to my question!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear @Vanessa, in Serbia, electrical energy is the most often energy source. Natural gas network has no good coverage !

Some links and articles are attached for more information!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Serbia

http://www.energy-community.org/pls/portal/docs/36324.PDF

http://www.drustvo-termicara.com/resources/files/254cd08.pdf

http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/aace/aace200801/aace200801-12.pdf

Dear Dr. Ljubomir,

It's a similar situation with Brazil: dominant electricity and gas expansion only in metropolitan areas.

Thank You very much for answer my question and send important links!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

In Jordan, it's mainly electricity and gas!

Dear Dr. Vanessa, Dear All,  In our country, most of the people rely upon natural gas (brought in cylinders)& kerosene (from petroleum) as sources of residential energy needs. This is because of the relatively high price of electricity & the low efficiency of the imported equipment that are run by electricity (i.e. they consume a lot of electricity in a short period of time). 

Dear. Dr.  Kamal and Dear Dr. Nizar,

I appreciate yours excellent responses and the time You expended to answer my question.

It will be very useful.

Thank You very much for participating!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear Dr. Marwan and Dear Dr. Sudhakar,

Thank You very much for Your time answering my question!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

You may find this article useful

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259219501_Electric_Energy_Utilization_in_the_Households_of_Albay_Province_Philippines_Contexts_Conservation_Practices_and_Future_Efficiency_Strategies

Article Electric Energy Utilization in the Households of Albay Provi...

Dear Dr. Eddie,

Thank You very much! The paper will be very useful.

Best Regards,

Vanessa 

Dear Vanessa. Main energy sources (players) in Iran are crude oil, natural gas (NG), coal, hydropower and renewable energy (RE). Iranian energy sector still largely depends on the crude oil and NG. The contribution of RE in power generation in Iran is only around 1%! Iran has also developed her nuclear technology and will be using it as energy sources in the near future.

Some Statistics: Iran consumes an estimated 6 Tcf of dry NG. The residential and commercial sector accounted for the largest share of NG consumption (34%), followed by electric power (28%), industrial (25%), transportation (5%), and other sectors (8%),

P.S.: For more explanation and relevant discussion the following thread is appropriate, too.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_ways_to_reduce_energy_intensity

An interesting feature of Polish towns is popularity of centralized district heating, with different potential opportunities for the supply of heat. District heating covers more than 300 cities and towns in Poland, where about 15 million people use the network heat. Comparing gas and electricity distribution networks, one can easily find that the density of LV electricity networks is higher than natural gas ones.

http://www.iea.org/countries/membercountries/poland/

http://innoheat.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Polish-district-heating_ENG.pdf

Dear Vanessa,

in Greece both energy sources are used; in addition, in some areas renewable energy sources use is also significant. The grid transmits energy generated from coal and renewables (mostly hydropower, solar and wind energy). The proportion of natural gas mostly depends on the network. That is because in many parts of Greece there is no natural gas network and therefore, electricity from the grid is the main and only option. Even in Athens, the capital of Greece, there are still areas that gas supply is not available. This happens because old residences do not want to pay for the network construction.

If you want more data on this please do not hesitate to contact me. I can also send you some websites or try to find published staff.

Dear @Vanessa, Natural gas system in Serbia and facts about, as some good papers are attached. Hope it will be helpful for your research.

http://www.energy-community.org/pls/portal/docs/142190.PDF

http://www.naturalgaseurope.com/category/news-by-country/other-countries/serbia

http://www.raris.org/download/Development%20of%20natural%20gas%20infrastructure%20in%20Eastern%20Serbia.pdf

Dear Dr. Ljubomir,

I appreciate your excellent response and the time you expended to answer my question.

links will be read very attentively.

Thank You for always participate!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear Dr. Mahmoud,

I appreciate the detailed statistics. Here in Brazil the renewable energy is gaining momentum (but yet approximately 7.1% with biomass, wind and solar).

RG discussion that You recommended is very interesting; I'm following it.

Thank you for your time.

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear Dr. Mariusz,

It is a different system in Poland! Thank You very much for share these informations!

Your contributions are always excellent and very useful!

Thank You very much for your time.

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear Dra. Asimina,

Here in Brazil, natural gas is in expansion, and renewables considering hydropower, biomass, wind and solar are 85% of the energy production.

Thank You very much for your time and important data. I am happy to receive informations about Greece!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

In India, Natural gas (LPG) is the most commonly used because of its availability and government support. This is also because it is highly subsidized, which is one of the most important acceptable criteria in a country like India.

Dear Dr. Ajay,

Thank You for your importante contribution! I didn't know that LPG was so used in India!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear Vanessa,

Thank you for your kind words, but I think that the question was just very good. The discussion you started is a source of knowledge for all of us :-)

Best regards,

Mariusz 

Natural gas usage here in Cambodia is still just a dream, every thing is run on electricity.

Dear Dr. Pahlaj,

Thank You for your contribution! For me is very important the interest of you to answer  my question.

Do you know that gas would be better than electricity for your country?  Or only another type of energy to increase energy offer?

Thank You very much for your reply!

Best Regards,

Vanessa

In India, Energy source (residential use) : From the Central Grid, the following powers are diverted.

LPG is more used in Gujarat for Cooking

Highlights of the current power production status in India:

Power generation capacity is mainly based on thermal and hydro, with about 11% from renewable energy.

----- ----- ---- - -- -- -- -- ---- ---

Energy source (% Share in installed capacity)

Thermal (64.75%)

Nuclear (2.78%)

Hydro (large hydro) (21.73%)

Other renewable energy sources (10.73%)

------   --------    -------- -----  ------  ------- ------

Biomass Type - Potential (MWe) - Percentage

Agro potential - 18728 - 54%

Livestock - 9332 - 27%

Fruits - 660 - 2%

Vegetables - 1220 - 3%

Industrial Wastes - 1470- 4%

Subtotal - 31410 - 90%

Urban Wastes 

MSW -  3190 - 9%

MLW - 361 - 1%

Subtotal - 3551 - 10%

Grand Total - 34961 - 100%

http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/bio/pot/biomass_power_potential.html#sthash.OOx4QzrZ.dpuf

Cara Vanessa: Em Portugal (com uma população residente em Março de 2011 de aproximadamente 10.56 milhões de habitantes - aumento de 2% relativamente a 2001), “A primeira fase da construção do mercado interno de gás natural remonta à década de noventa”, de acordo com o organismo regulador dos “sectores eléctrico e do gás natural”, ERSE (“Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços Energéticos”). Relativamente ao mercado da electricidade, presentemente estamos num período de transição com uma mudança gradual dos consumidores para o mercado livre. Ver http://www.erse.pt

O gás natural canalizado coexiste com o gás propano ou butano (podendo estes últimos serem adquiridos através da tradicional garrafa ou “botija”). Para o consumidor final, algumas utilizações domésticas ficam menos caras com a utilização de gás.

http://www.galpenergia.com/PT/ProdutosServicos/GasNatural/Paginas/GasNatural.aspx

Dear Vanessa: In Portugal (with a resident population in March 2011 of approximately 10.56 million inhabitants-increase of 2% compared to 2001), "the first phase of construction of the internal market of natural gas dates back to the 1990s", according to the regulatory body of the "electric and natural gas sectors," ERSE ("energy services regulatory authority"). Concerning the electricity market, at present we are in a transition period with a gradual shift of consumers to the free market.

The piped natural gas coexists with propane or butane (the latter may be acquired through the traditional bottle or "tank"). For the end consumer, certain domestic uses are less expensive with the use of gas.

See the links:

http://www.erse.pt

http://www.galpenergia.com/PT/ProdutosServicos/GasNatural/Paginas/GasNatural.aspx

Dear Dr. Krishnan

It is a diverse energy mix (using the thermal is quite large). It is very interesting details of the use of biomass in India!

Thank you for your time and detail in both replies.

Best regards,

Vanessa

Dear Dr. Roland,

In general terms in Romania, is similar to the Brazilian situation.

Thank you for your attention. Your response will be very useful.

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Caro Dr. Antonio,

Antes de tudo, muito bom conversar com um irmão de idioma. Saudações do Brasil!

Muito obrigada pelo detalhamento sobre gás natural. Aqui no Brasil, a rede está se expandindo mas, somente as construções novas tem instalações prediais para o gás natural. Então o gás de botijão (gás liquefeito de petróleo) ainda é muito utilizado. As maiores redes estão em são Paulo capital e Rio de Janeiro. Também o uso do gás veicular tem destaque em todo o país.

Muito do gás é utilizado nas térmicas que são acionadas conforme o consumo. Agora com a estiagem , haverá maior necessidade de acioná-las.

Lerei o material anexo.

Muito obrigada pela colaboração!

Vanessa

Dear Dr. Antonio,

First of all, very good talk with a brother language. Greetings from Brazil!

Thank you for detailing on natural gas. Here in Brazil, the network is expanding but only new buildings have building facilities for natural gas. Then the cooking gas (liquefied petroleum gas) is still widely used. Larger networks are capital São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Also the use of NGV has featured across the country.

Much of the gas is used in the thermals that are activated according consumption. Now with the dry season, there will be greater need to connecting them.

I will read the enclosed material.

Thank you for your cooperation!

Best regards,

Vanessa

Dear @Vanessa, do not hesitate to ask for more references, contacts or what ever You need for your research! good luck!

Dear @Ljubomir,

Thank You very much! It is a honor for me Your attention to my question.

Best regards,

Vanessa

Dear Iliana,

Thank You very much for Your time! Your contribution will be very useful. I will read the attached link.

Best Regards,

Vanessa

In Switzerland we used coal until the fifties, and then heating oil (similar to diesel oil). The gas network was initially created to distribute gas from coal and used for cooking. The natural gas network and use increased strongly since the first oil crisis (the seventies) and progressively replaces oil. The share is now 40% gas and 60% oil. Electricity is also used at a small scale, but decreasing because of its cost. Now the market of electrically powered heat pumps is increasing.

Dear Dr. Claude-Alain,

Here in Brazil, the gas is basically for cooking (may be by the network or bottled) because the electricity is still cheaper, primarily for use in showers.

It's  great get the news from Switzerland. I appreciate your time and interest in answering my question.

Thank You very much! Your contribution is very important.

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear Vanessa

I attach an EXCEL spreadsheet based on the data provided by the Swiss federal office of energy. It shows, on the sheet "finale" the end-energy use per energy carrier. You will see that the energy used for heating (Wood, coal, gaz and heating oil) is rather constant since the oil shock, despite the increasing built area and volume. This is the result of an improved energy eficiency of new buildings, that use about 5 times less energy for heating than the older ones. However, You will see a strong increase of electricity use and of fuels for transportation. The increase of electricity use results form increasing number of apparatuses, machines, systems, etc. that are used, not from the heating.  

Best regards

Claude-Al.

Dear Dr. Claude-Alain,

Thank you for the detailed spreadsheet. Will be very useful.

I thank you for your time and for sharing your knowledge.

Thank You very much,

Best Regards,

Dear Vanessa,

some very good Information, figuares and grahics about the energy Balance in Germany you can find within wikipedia:

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energieverbrauch

The Main massage is, that the energy consumption in total is decreasing.

The main Energie source are fuel (2013: 28%), Gas (26%) and electricity (21%).

Best regards

Georg

Dear Georg,

I am very glad to receive information about Germany.

I will read the contents of the link and I'm sure will be very useful!

Thank You very much for cooperating with my research.

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear Vanessa,

In Turkey, most of the cities has NG network however, electricity (and coal) is also used in residential areas. 

NG has almost 100% coverage. The small cities with low demand does not have access to it.

Dear Halil,

I thank You for Your report about Turkey.

Thank You very much for Your collaboration!

Best regards,

Vanessa

The What Next after energy generation is effective use and conservation

Fuel cells feed on natural gas, propane, or diesel and generate electricity through electrochemical reactions rather than combustion, could allow businesses to continue operating through power outages like those caused by massive storms, but they promise to be far cleaner and quieter than diesel generators. They can also provide continuous power, not just emergency backup power, so utilities could use them as distributed power sources that ease congestion on the grid, preventing blackouts and lowering the overall cost of electricity.

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/518516/an-inexpensive-fuel-cell-generator/

Dear Dr.Krishnan,

Thank You very much for more one excellent indication! 

Best Regards,

Vanessa

Dear George,

Thank You very much!

Dear All,

A paper about the brazilian situation:

Vanessa

http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/NG-88.pdf

India has very good scope and demand for natural gas utilisation,recently laying of pipeline between countries is one example

http://www.dailyo.in/politics/narendra-modi-india-china-turkmenistan-central-asia-gas/story/1/3449.html

Japan remains the world’s largest LNG consumer, although its share of global LNG trade has fallen slightly over the past decade as the global market has grown. Japan’s largest LNG suppliers are Indonesia and Malaysia, with substantial volumes also imported from Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, Oman, and Brunei Darussalam. Early in 2004 India received its first shipment of LNG from Qatar at the

newly completed facility at Dahej in Gujarat.

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=70&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFwQFjAJODxqFQoTCIuUt_6LlMkCFQzdLAodRg8OSg&url=http%3A%2F%2Fenergy.gov%2Fsites%2Fprod%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F04%2Ff0%2FLNG_primerupd.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFeFqWhnLyBALhKSnSCYusc6FXNfg&sig2=Rn7P849LXdpHdKDVJTUHeQ

Dear Krishnan,

Thank You for your answerss; always very useful and complete!

All the best,

Vanessa

Dear @Vanessa, here is structure of natural gas spendings in Serbia nowadays:

• 67% industry
• 24% heating plants
• 9% residential

The use of natural gas in Serbia will increase in next period. Prediction says that about 85% of residential objects could be covered by natural gas.

Fuel and feed stock switch - Level of aggregation

The relevant region is the geographical area of the sector producing the output in a country or a group of countries.

https://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif/meth/meth_guid42.pdf

Grounds for Termination With Notice:

http://www.puc.state.pa.us/transport/gassafe/pdf/Gas_Safety_Seminar_2015-PPT-PUC_ResTerminations.pdf

Please, do find enclosed chapter Energy Production and Consumption. Fine resource.

This chapter addresses levels of energy production and consumption in the past and present. Understanding where we are and how we got here is crucial in defining the changes necessary to achieve energy sustainability.

Dear Colleagues,

Good Day,

Since 2003 till now, we do not have proper electricity(National Grid) as every country has. We depend on private generators (either we share big one among 10-15 houses, and we pay monthly per Amperes usage, or we use small one as stand by at home). We used to have 4 hours on and 4 off (since 1991- 2003, from Desert Storm time and the years of the embargo till the invasion time in 2003). We were hoping to have decent power supply during the invasion (after 2003) since the embargo got lifted but till now we got nothing  ( Due to the government corruption!!).

In Iraq spend a big budget for power electricity, but due to corruption, no one known why they don't want to complete this issue. Only we get false promises of politicians before each election.