As is well understood in many developing countries of Africa, South Asia and parts of Latin America the great majority of the population still rely on agriculture and rural related sectors.

My suggestions to overcome the problem of rural poverty will be the following:

- Make substantial transformation of the economy from agriculture based to industries. By doing so you can move out a substantial proportion of the population from sectors that require big land to urban related activities. Land and land tenure are the major issues in many countries.

- It is also important to diversify rural economies. Some segments of the population have to work in non-farm and off farm activities. This would basically requires start up financial capitals, skill and entrepreneurial know how.

- There is also a need to invest on rural infrastructure such as roads, health facilities, extension facilities, etc.

marketing ie circular economy

see Jagolo.org

The poverty can only be eliminated if we make the farmer self sufficient. It will not only eliminate the poverty but also have positive impacts such as sustainability, food safety, food security, soil health maintenance, ecological restoration, environmental conservation, minimizing the pollution etc.

Self sufficient means minimal dependency on off farm inputs.

I would recommend to take up a baseline survey of the farmers in the region you are targeting. You may also need to rely on the primary data available from local resources such as Government agencies/ NGOs to get the details of the per capita income on annual basis say for a period of last one or two decades. You may also include the as many indicators (such as availability of inputs/ size of the farm holding/ labour resources/ mechanisation etc) as feasible for the target study area. Then applications using software models would give an idea on those indicators which farmers need to focus on. First of all, you may need to define the poverty and then the elimination in the context of target area.

Probably, a single recipe for all countries, their individual regions with different conditions of agricultural production does not exist. However, with increasing labor productivity less and less agricultural workers are required. In addition, with the saturation of the market with food products, agricultural land that does not generate rental income is being withdrawn from the economy. As a result, the number of unemployed and underemployed people is growing, which increases the level of poverty in the countryside. The main path of development of the rural economy in this case is through the development of non-agricultural activities. But what kind of species? It depends on what kind of resources are in one or another territory. First of all, it would be necessary to create a new institutional framework that would consolidate such an institution as a community and provide communities with agricultural lands, local forests, fisheries and other local resources for various uses. Next, it is necessary to launch a mechanism of partnership between the state and communities on the basis of providing local communities with grants for the organization of production based on local resources. Grants are awarded based on the assessment of business plans for the implementation of the project, subject to co-financing by the rural community. Result: there will be jobs, rural incomes will increase, rural poverty will decrease.

The poverty situation that we see in developing countries is very complex. As Kostyaev put is well, there is no single solution that could be equally applicable to all countries. Some do have rich natural resources (land, rainfall, and sufficient labor). In others, the factors of production are scare; the land they cultivate is highly fragmented and less fertile. For instance, for the first group extension service that includes provision of improved and appropriate technologies); , marketing service, credit service, natural resource conservation (to ensure sustainability) and proper agricultural pricing could contribute to work in reducing poverty. For the second group, income diversification such as non-farm activities, so as to reduce the human pressure on the already fragile eco-system.

I do agree and fully endorse the statements of Kostyaev and Gebregziabher on the theme of poverty alleviation. These would definitely form a strong base for developing the hypotheses for the research. In my opinion, in the contexts of the discussions and the question asked by Ronald to address the Poverty alleviation in agricultural sector, a thorough definitive research study comprising Methodology (ie. may be developing a questionnaire or app ) and statistical samplings may be made.

The situations of availability of resources (soil, water, money, logistics, market) that producers have in different countries and regions are very different. I agree that the first step is to know the reality of the country, region, etc., under study. If we have this knowledge, then we can classify the different producer groups by type to define a strategy for situations of poverty.

In my view, we haven't addressed the real age-old problem that has been existing since long while targeting poverty reduction amongst farming communities. This problem is about markets and prices. While large farmers could adopt or adjust farming practices according to markets and price signals, smaller and marginal farmers cannot do so. If we could address this problem of low farm-gate prices for agricultural commodities through various interventions (involving the state, the private sector and the larger consumer segment), farmers can realize better prices for their produce. In the emerging scenario of increasing food security challenges on the one side, and climate change factors adversely affecting farming activities on the other, we need to realise that farmers are the real saviours of the future world and they should be adequately rewarded through better payment systems for their continued engagement in farming, protecting the farmlands, protecting the agro-ecosystems, biodiversity, ecological integrity, etc. In this case, the farmgate price we pay for 'farm produce' should go beyond the narrow confines of conventional 'cost of production considerations'. Rather farm produce should be priced over and above the production costs and a 'considerable margin' in recognition of the farmers contributions. Since this has not been happening especially in the agrarian economies of Asia, Africa and Latin America, we have been witnessing a huge shift of farming population to non-farming activities, daily wage work, abandoning farming, distress sale of farm lands, or committing suicides (as the last resort!). It is time that we should seriously rethink about the agriculture development strategies for most part of the developing world, where, farming sectors are in a deep crisis, caused by low farm gate prices, ineffective or non-existent markets, low or no value addition possibilities, climate change impacts, feminization of agriculture (as existing farmers are very old and younger generations are not interested in farming), etc. Quite surprisingly, small farmers in the developing world have reasonable level of access to modern farm technologies, including high yielding seed varieties (including GMOs), agro-chemicals, farm machinery, water saving micro irrigation technologies (such as sprinkler and drips), etc. But, still a vast segment of farming communities are deprived of remunerative prices to their produce, mainly because of the reason that either markets does not exist or marketing facilities do not support them!! There is a famous linkage that we all talk about in the context of agriculture development, ie., technology, policies, institutions and markets. But, we need to realise the fact most agrarian dependent economies are struggling to 'set prices and markets right' even after several decades of agriculture development strategies!!!

Agriculture is a vast sector. Based on the place, climate, irrigation pattern, land quality, seed productivity crop yield varies. So keep in mind those different perspectives agriculture lab to farmers' land extension is very much needed.

Hello, very interesting research topic, and key to solve the growing inequalities and social issues caused by the current dominant agricultural production systems. I would definitely recommend to have a look at what agroecology can offer. As autonomy and the power given back to farmers are some of the numerous key social aspects of agroecology (in addition to the environmental and economic elements).

with technology transfer and agricultural mechanization I HAVE SEVERAL PUBLICATIONS REGARDING MY PAGE AND SEE THE EVIDENCE

An alleviation of poverty in the agricultural sector may take place through governmental support that through laws and provisions could achieve the following:

1. Shift away from international trade agreements created with this global economy, in favor of a better establishment of local food markets and cooperatives.

2. Ensure tenure on lands were farming communities have been living, while rejecting the idea of "land grabbing" caused by international corporations and agribusiness conglomerates. These have determined an expropriation of family farmers from their farm, stripped farmers of their livelihood and forced them to migrate elsewhere, increasing by the millions the masses of destitutes.

3. Restore and amplify the idea of food sovereignty where local farmers are in charge of the food security of their families and surrounding communities.

4. Shift the whole agriculture paradigm from Agribusiness to Agroecology.

5. Provide farming communities with services for health, education, sanitation.

There is different situations and different solutions. My experience is with arid regions, with widespread poverty due to climate change, and perhaps some intentional activities by agencies and people. My idea is that sincere, individuals and NGOs should give a helping hand (especially culturally and psychologically), to push the rural communities to take the situation in their hand, and capitalize on what they have (natural resources, culture, indigenous knowledge, etc). My project outline link might be o help.

Good luck on your important task and subject

Research Proposal Paradise Haloculture Project: Sustainable Development of Sal...

Regarding communication technologies which are sometimes seen as the solution to everything, an interesting research work in Senegal which could enlighten your research: Article Virtual Networks and Poverty Analysis in Senegal

I already gave a detailed answer to this question, but for some reason there isn’t one now. Where did he disappear?

Farmer should earn profit too get out of poverty (excluding the other dimensions of poverty).

For realising high income, farmer should be in a position to reduce the input cost by make use of government subsidies and agri best practices.

Then he should be able to get good market for his/her produces.

So, to alleviate poverty we need to focus on both reducing the input cost and increasing the market value for produces. And to manage the risk proper insurance model.

This poverty alleviation answer is only focusing on agriculture.. Not on agricultural family.

Best!

Income guarantee support seems to be a viable solution.

Provision of structured markets for all agriculture products to guarantee a market for every single production would induce productivity resulting in better incomes for the farmers. The question should be how do we make a farmer earn more than 3 USD per day from sale of his or her production?

As is well understood in many developing countries of Africa, South Asia and parts of Latin America the great majority of the population still rely on agriculture and rural related sectors.

My suggestions to overcome the problem of rural poverty will be the following:

- Make substantial transformation of the economy from agriculture based to industries. By doing so you can move out a substantial proportion of the population from sectors that require big land to urban related activities. Land and land tenure are the major issues in many countries.

- It is also important to diversify rural economies. Some segments of the population have to work in non-farm and off farm activities. This would basically requires start up financial capitals, skill and entrepreneurial know how.

- There is also a need to invest on rural infrastructure such as roads, health facilities, extension facilities, etc.

In Iraq, we need to develop protected agriculture to gain self-sufficiency

Co-development of Agriculture & Non-Agriculture Sector in Rural Areas will be very helpful.

follow

من خلال استنباط طرق جديدة في الزراعة وامكانية تنميتها المستدامة وفق اطر تتبعها كثير من دول العالم منها تنمية الثروة الحيوانية من خلال استنبات الشعير الذي يعد داعما لتوفير العلف بجدوى اقتصادية كبيرة قياسا بالزراعة التقليدية

I just read all your inputs and thank you all so much for participating in this kind of discussion. Thank you, Madam Amna Matter, Dr. Ahmed Hamdan Lafta, Sir Emmanuel Vijayanand Murray, Sir Ahmed F Shamuk, Dr. Degefa Tolossa Degaga, Dr. Felix Jumbe, Sir Saravana Kumar, Prof. Alexander Kostyaev, Madam Maryline Darmaun, Madam Aditi Khan, and Dr. Farhad Khorsandi for all the contributions.

Once again thank you all, I am reading all your inputs and that's very interesting to learn from your experiences and expertise on the subject matter.

Thank you, Dr. Bruno Borsari, Prof. Jaime Cuauhtemoc Negrete, Dr. Viswanathan P K, Dr. Aravinda Kumar Baburai Nagesh, Sir Jose Antonio Silva, Dr. Kidanemariam Gebregziabhe, Prof. Louis Zapfack, and Dr. Satish Bhagwatrao Aher for all the contrbutoions.

Your all contributions and the links that you've provided made me some foundations to provide a write-up about my study. I will go through your all articles in your profile and will read them.

Thank you so much once again, and kind regards to all!

Stay SAFE!

Cheers!

The middle man between producer and consumer enjoying the profits. Besides many reforms, unless farmers sell their products to consumers, it is difficult to come out from the poverty

Farmers Cooperatives (e.g.farmers Companies) should be promoted and technical knowledge and skills should be provided to them..

Thank you so much Dr. Nelaturi V Raghavaiah and Dr. Mohasin Shaikh to your inputs which will help my study.

Thank you all, and Ramadan Kareem!

Hi all! To understand what Madam Amna Matter statement above will be like this;

"Through devising new methods in agriculture and the possibility of their sustainable development according to frameworks followed by many countries of the world, including the development of livestock through the cultivation of barley, which is supportive of providing fodder with great economic feasibility compared to traditional agriculture."

Thank you, Madam Amna Matter, and kind regards!

1. Encourage and enable farmers in primary processing, especially of perishable commodities.

2. Reduce number of stakeholders between producer and consumer; involve producers in marketing.

3. Improve ambient and cold storage systems strategically in production zones.

4. Strengthen farm and agribusiness information and advisorys sytems.

5. Improve connectivity and bulk transportation systems.

J'ai lu les différentes réponses ou suggestions et l'ensemble de celles-ci apportent des solutions partielles à la question. Toutefois, je pense que la situation des agriculteurs et de l'agriculture d'une manière générale varie d'un pays à un autre. A cet effet, je pense que dans un premier temps il s'agit d'établir un diagnostic pour identifier les points forts et les points faible et d'élaborer par la suite une stratégie et une politique adaptée à la réalité.

to enhance the agricultural production and productivity sector mostly in the smallholder farmer needs multi sector interaction in identifying problems that need extension intervention or problem in the area of farmer, agricultural commodity, and the environmental factors in advance. then secondly integration of different sectors like extension, research , university and the grass root level users in technology generation, technology shopping and evolution is very very help full. finally effective communication of the highly preferable and high fielder agricultural commodity to the wider community is also centennial in improving the sector. additional the smallholder farmers should have to timely access of reliant information .

Hi Sir Hari Shankar Gaur!

Thank you for your contribution but I am just curious about how to improve the ambient since that is naturally given! Do you mean the indoor temperature?

Anyway, thanks once again for your contribution and that means a lot.

Regards

Thank you so much, Sir Faouzi Bouchaib for your contribution and translated so that can be understood. Identifying the weak points and strong points as others says could be better then for a resolution, right?

I have read the different answers or suggestions and all of them provide partial solutions to the question. However, I think that the situation of farmers and agriculture in general varies from one country to another. To this end, I think that initially it is a question of establishing a diagnosis to identify the strong points and the weak points and of developing thereafter a strategy and a policy adapted to reality.

Thank you for your contribution Sir Gebru Brhane and kind regards too, and that makes sense! I will consider your input for my research paper, thanks.

Empower smallholder farmers in terms of symmetry of information to improve their bargaining capacity, assure them stable markets of their production (match them to institutional buyers) open opportunities for value-adding products, protect them from monopolistic traders/financiers, modernize their farming ways through eco-friendly & sustainable technologies, & minimize import counterparts that flood the market resulting to depressed prices. Hasten crop insurance by bringing the services accessible to them.Loan services be less stringent to "no-read, no-write" farmers through ambulant delivery service. Train them to be entrepreneurial rather than merely producers.

Thank you for your contribution, Madam Grace Cobardo to your valuable contribution which s true and what''s happening in the Philippines. That's another point in considering in my studies and all of you here have their valuable answers and contributions, and I appreciate.

Thank you so much to all and kind regards!

Cheers!

Our research shows that if the normal sets of organisms (beneficial bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes) that make up the aerobic soil food web are replenished in the soil that there is no need to be use inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and no need to till to remove weeds or break up compaction layers. Consider the reduction in cost for most growers if they can establish these beneficial organisms in their soils once again. At the same time, the soil with the right sets of these organisms will reduce water use, remove compaction, prevent leaching losses and erosion. All that is required is to teach growers to understand what living soil is and to promote the beneficial organisms that help grow their plants in their conditions.

Je réponds à Mme/Melle Elaine Ingham. Votre résonnement est très juste. Dommage que le souci de la rentabilité économique à court terme a fait disparaître ce genre de raisonnement et ces connaissances de base en rapport avec le sol agricole. Bonne continuation dans vos recherches.

Ce que vous dites va permettre d'avancer dans ces recherches. Bon courage

Bonne continuation dans ces recherches qui vont peut être permettre une meilleure sensibilisation sur la nature du sol. Say décrit la terre comme un atelier chimique admirable. Aujourd'hui la terre est souvent considéré comme un support.

Thank you, Madam Elaine Ingham for your reply but that made me confused, to be honest. You are saying that "with the right sets of these organisms will reduce water use," and my question is, in what process this strategy be applied and how. and one thing more, "remove compaction, prevent leaching losses and erosion." That's very interesting to me, could you share to us the methodology and the design process if you don't mind. I want to learn from your research, very interesting. Is "growers" referring to a farmer? Thanks.

I just want to translate what Sir Faouzi Bouchaib about his statement to understand by myself, "I answer to Mrs. / Miss Elaine Ingham. Your resonance is very fair. Too bad that the concern for short-term economic profitability has made this kind of reasoning and this basic knowledge related to agricultural soil disappear. Good luck in your research…" I have no comment but I just want to learn how and I think Madam Elaine Ingham has something in his mind related to the current form in the agricultural sector, which is an innovation. But let me wait, and thanks to your statement and contribution Sir Faouzi Bouchaib.

Hi Prof. Louis Zapfack!

Thank you for your statement, "What you say will allow us to advance in this research. Good luck!" And that's what I am thinking about the preposition of Madam Elaine Ingham, which is a very interesting research topic to learn.

Kind regards to all!

Yap, I agree with you Sir Faouzi Bouchaib in your statement, "Good continuation in this research which will perhaps allow better awareness of the nature of the soil. Say describes the earth as an admirable chemical workshop. Today the earth is often considered a support." Hence, that will be a great research contribution after all and that will alleviate poverty in the agricultural sector somehow.

Thank you so much!

Sir Ronald Valledor Gomeseria,

Cordialement.

Hi Sir Faouzi Bouchaib, thank you so much!

Hi Ronald Valledor Gomeseria , I think, we also need to take the discussion on the question: "In what form can we alleviate poverty in the agricultural sector?", to a different level, from considering it merely from the perspective of agricultural production. This is because of the reason that in most agrarian economies, there is a yet unresolved issue of 'excess population', who may be cultivators (farmers ) as well as farm labourers. Ceteris paribus, even under optimum farm production conditions, a given size of land can sustain only certain number of farm workers, beyond which, farm labour productivity becomes marginal and even negative.

So, the question is 'how do we address the issue of excess (surplus) farm workers out of farming to non-farming activities, which is also an important actionable strategy to alleviate poverty in the agricultural sector. Being a predominantly agrarian economy, this was and continues to be the major challenge for India. India could not make a major success in addressing this issue, though it has launched employment generation and drought-proofing programmes as an anti-poverty measure across states, by which small and marginal farmers as well as landless farm workers have been given opportunities to work in those projects and come out of poverty.

The latest initiative in this direction was the launching of the national employment guarantee programme, called the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (MGNREGA) in 2005 under an act of the Parliament. Interestingly, several studies undertaken on the MGNREGA reveal that more than agricultural production, the MGNREGA was more successful in taking a large segment of rural households out of poverty in India.

Kindly see more literature on the MGNREGA, including a recent book, in which I was also a part:

Madhusudan Bhattarai, P.K. Viswanathan, Rudra N. Mishra, and Cynthia Bantillan (Eds.), (2018): Employment Guarantee Programme and Dynamics of Rural Transformation in India: Challenges and Opportunities, Singapore: Springer Publications Pvt. Ltd. https://www.springer.com/in/book/9789811062612

Hi P.K. Viswanathan. Effectivement, la surpopulation des les zones rurales explique en grande partie la pauvreté et l'exode. Mais en plus dans ces zones, la pauvreté est souvent liée à l'analphabétisme, à une problématique foncière, à des traditions ancestrales (...) qui n'encouragent pas le développement agricole. Les études de ces zones devrait aborder plusieurs aspects et faire impliquer les populations et les agriculteurs dans le processus de résolution des problèmes socio-économiques.

I assume the research of "poverty in the agricultural sector" is based on emerging and low income economies, as the agricultural sector is one of the most profitable sectors in developed economies.

In alleviating poverty in the agricultural sector, smallholder farmers must be empowered as they represent 80% of all farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. This means providing farmers with; access to capital, technical skills that can improve farming practices (e.g. using data to implement precision agriculture) and connecting farmers to offtakers (reducing the power of middlemen). We try to solve some of these problems at Farmz2U.

Extension services and grant schemes have not been widely effective in eradicating poverty for smallholder farmers which has further widened the poverty index. Agritech enterprises have an important role to play in supporting farmers with digital solutions that improve skills, increase produce yield (for instance targeted fertilizer application). The government also has a role to play, like providing agricultural subsidies to protect farmers from price volatility.

It might help narrowing your topic further from "poverty in the agricultural sector" to a region, value chain, function among other groups. The agricultural sector is huge!

Hi, Aisha Raheem,

Thank you for your answer.

• Reducing rural poverty requires improving the enabling environment through multi-sectoral policies, strategies and programs that address the economic, environmental and social vulnerability that poor rural households face in their daily lives.
• Trough collective action, cooperatives and producer organizations and networks, the population rural poor can improve their bargaining power, their access to markets and their productivity, increase their participation in decision-making processes, and influence the formulation of national policies that affect their livelihoods.
• Through knowledge sharing on sustainable agricultural practices, farmer-to-farmer exchanges they restore leadership to the rural population, strengthen their organizational capacities, improve natural resource management and increase the capacity of the rural population to adapt to climate change.

Thank you for your answer.

Thank you for your input, Sir Viswanathan P K well said and appreciated. That is an interesting initiative from your government and for sure will help the farmers.

Hi Madam Aisha Raheem thank you for participating in this discussion and it seems brains storming and exchange of ideas will help.

That's true, with the initiative and support from the government, providing access to capital, and innovative technical skills will surely improve their farming practices as well as the farming system that will help the environment too.

Yes, I agree with that process and surely poverty alleviation in the farming sector will be successfully provided the program will be supported by the government.

Really appreciate your inputs and participation, Sir Gonzalo Galileo Rivas Platero and kind regards.

Thank you Sir Faouzi Bouchaib take care and kind regards

Merci à vous aussi.

Dear Sir/Madam,

Please have a look at this link and your comment if ever. Thanks.

Article “Engineering Design to Improve Agricultural Production in th...

You are welcome, Sir Faouzi Bouchaib for your time and kind regards.

Amitiés

Sir Faouzi Bouchaib kind regards.

Dear Colleagues,

Thank you all guys for your participation in collaborating on the topic discussion and really appreciate all your inputs and unselfish contributions.

In conjunction with the discussion, please refer to this write-up and raise some comments and suggestion for further development with this link; Article “Engineering Design to Improve Agricultural Production in th...