Can I assume that you're asking about IRB in the United States? If so, then you'll definitely need IRB approval before implementing your survey. You'll need to choose an IRB to submit approval to. These tend to be regional, but there are sometimes several within a given region as well. I don't know your circumstances so you may want to elaborate.
Yes Dr. Linden, your answer is very helpful. Although I am not in the sates these days, but I agree on the necessity of obtaining the IRB approval form the relevant source.
Are you going to conduct your study in the US or elsewhere? I don't know the rules for such activities in other countries, but in the US you'll definitely need IRB approval.
Agreed -- if your institution has an IRB, you can still submit to your IRB (no matter the focus of your survey) -- I've done surveys on a national level and submitted to my own IRB (at both my research institution and where I work). They'll tell you what info you need to supply to them to ensure you meet the requirements. I'm sending you a link to our requirements here, just to get you started? -- wish you the best! emjay