Please have a look at this link.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269687496_Climate_Change_and_Agricultural_Production_in_South_Africa_Impacts_and_Adaptation_options
Article Climate Change and Agricultural Production in South Africa: ...
Please check the below given link also.
https://www.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-agriculture-and-food-supply
Climate change effects on agriculture cover many features like plant phenology, crops choice to adapt to these changes.
Please have a look at these researchgate links and PDF attachments also.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227504282_The_impact_of_climate_change_on_China's_agriculture
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233965617_Climate_change_impact_on_agricultural_crops_and_adaptation_options_in_Romania
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235949865_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Indian_Agriculture_A_Review
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261564256_The_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Agriculture_in_Asia
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223804967_The_Impact_of_Climatic_Change_on_Agricultural_Production_Is_it_different_for_Africa
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265074602_CLIMATE_CHANGE_AND_SOUTH_AFRICAN_AGRICULTURE_IMPACTS_AND_ADAPTATION_OPTIONS
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261178054_Climate_Change_and_Agricultural_Food_Production_Impacts_Vulnerabilities_and_Remedies
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291975533_The_Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Agro-Ecological_Based_Livelihoods_in_Africa_A_Review
Good luck
Article The impact of climate change on China's agriculture
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Article Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture: A Review
Article The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Asia
Article The Impact of Climatic Change on Agricultural Production: Is...
Article CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURE: IMPACTS AND AD...
Book Climate Change and Agricultural Food Production: Impacts, Vu...
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The main impact of climate change is: Some plants will mature early and some plants will mature later. The life cycle of pests will change, some will be more severe and some will finally disappear or less potent. The diseases of Plants will be affected, the high temperature will affect the disease cycle of the pathogen. Water availability will be affected. Less water more troubles in some areas and in some areas flooding will destroy the fields. Some fruits will remain green, never ripe and some ripe very early. The efficacy of biocontrol agents, as well as fertilizers, will be change. Humidity will invite more pathogens whereas in some areas dryness invite other pathogens. More dryness less will be beneficial as well as harmful bacteria. Both will affect plant one cause disease and other help in growth.
It will depend on the nature of the plants, whether it is C4 or C3 plants. Given adequate water and light supply the C4 will have more production and will outweighed the C3 plants.
Hello Mohammed Faci
please check the resources
http://ras.org.in/climate_change_and_agriculture
In regard of agriculture the arid and desert lands are most vulnerable to impact of climate change.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291354763_Climate_change_and_increasing_water_salinization_vulnerability_mitigation_strategies_for_fisheries_sector_development_in_desert_and_arid_lands_of_Aral_Sea_basin?ev=prf_pub
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287491454_Climate_change_and_increasing_water_salinization_vulnerability_mitigation_strategies_for_fisheries_sector_development_in_desert_and_arid_lands_of_Aral_Sea_Basin?ev=prf_pub
Poster Climate change and increasing water salinization vulnerabili...
Conference Paper Climate change and increasing water salinization vulnerabili...
(1) Due to change in precipitation patterns i.e. floods, drought etc
(2) Water resources i.e. rivers, dams are affected, necessary for drainage and watering crops
(3) Public health compromised (diseases like kwashiokor, also malaria) due to food insufficiency and reliance on foreign aid or imports and water logging leading to stagnation and mosquito breeding places.
(4) Most rural economies rely on rain-fed agriculture, socio-economic livelihood affected.
Check this
Article An exploratory study on occurrence and impact of climate cha...
Please see:
https://www.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-agriculture-and-food-supply
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002007109002810
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160307112943.htm
http://www.abcic.org/index.php/library/resources?download=26:climate-change-and-impacts-on-agriculture
http://www.bestclimatepractices.org/how-does-climate-change-affect-water-and-agriculture/
http://www.eea.europa.eu/signals/signals-2015/articles/agriculture-and-climate-change
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/014014/meta
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19390450802495882
Please also take a look at these useful RG links.
Article Climate change has likely already affected global food production
Article Climate change impacts on global agriculture
Article Impact of climate change on agriculture: Empirical evidence ...
All in all the impact of climate change on agriculture is on food production which has multi-pronged effects on livelihoods of the citizenry and the nation economy in general
Climate change affects agriculture negatively and reduces agricultural production due to the rise in temperature and lack of rain and increase the humidity and high level of heavy toxic elements in the atmosphere and soil, which together lead to bad effects on agriculture in the world
It seems this affection could be classified in three categories of environmental, economic and social.
Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,
In my opinion the issues:
Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture
is one of the most important elements of sustainable pro-ecological economic development conducted in accordance with the green economy philosophy.
On the basis of the above considerations and conclusions from the discussion on interesting issues discussed, I formulated the following thesis that in connection with the increasing climate change, including the faster global warming process, mainly organic farming in the field of agriculture should be developed. Below I have described the key determinants confirming the formulated research thesis. To the above discussion I would like to add the following conclusion formulated as a summary of my previous considerations on this topic: Determinants of the development of organic farming in the context of increasing climate change, including the increasingly faster global warming process. The above discussion inspired me to formulate the following question: Should organic farming in the field of agriculture be developed mainly in connection with the increasing climate change, including the increasingly faster global warming process?
Unfortunately, more and more data on climate change research confirms the thesis that global warming is proceeding faster and faster. Increasing data indicate that a significant and perhaps the main factor of the global warming process is the development of human civilization still largely based on classical energy, in which energy is produced by burning non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, in the 21st century, the greatest challenge of humanity will be solving problems resulting from adverse climate changes, rising average annual temperature at the Earth's surface, i.e. the progressing global warming process related to the growing greenhouse gas emissions. More and more climatology data indicate that the global warming process is accelerating. The result of this process will be more and more frequent drought, melting glaciers, raising the surface of the oceans and seas, reducing the areas of arable lands and fields suitable for human life. Climatologists and scientists from other fields of science, conducting research on climate change and its effects, develop long-term forecasts of these changes. These forecasts show that the continuation of the global warming process over the next few decades may lead to the thaw of permafrost at the Arctic Circle and the release of millions of tons of frozen methane. Then the global warming process will accelerate and the Antarctic meltdown will be unstoppable. The areas in which man will be able to live and live due to the melting of all glaciers and due to the drying of many areas currently covered with vegetation or used for agriculture in the tropical and subtropical zones will decrease. It is also possible to increase Earth's seismic activity, increase in volcanic eruptions.
The reason may also be an increase in the activity of the Sun over a period of several dozen years, because the current activity of the Sun is low. In addition, weather anomalies and climatic and natural disasters will appear more often in many places around the world. Forest fires will occur more and more often. Lack of clean water and fresh water will appear in many areas. In the next several to several dozen years, all pollinating insects may die, which will be the result of growing environmental pollution and the use of pesticides in arable fields. The result can be a significant decrease in the production of agricultural produce, including fruit, cereals and some vegetables. This can aggravate the problem of feeding the population. Therefore, humanity should reduce greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, develop energy based on renewable energy sources, electromobility, organic farming, sorting garbage, recycling, etc. It is necessary to implement the principles of sustainable ecological development as soon as possible in accordance with the green economy philosophy and ecological financing reforms from green finance sources. Time is short. It is not certain that humanity will completely reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050. It is also not certain that if humanity succeeds, the global warming process will cease to deepen. However, implementing the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development is a necessity and the biggest challenge in the 21st century. In connection with the above, it is necessary to increase expenditure in all countries on ecological reforms in order to implement the principles of sustainable ecological development according to the green economy philosophy. There is not much time left to carry out the necessary ecological reforms to avoid a chain reaction of increasingly rapid global warming and escalating climate disasters.
Research conducted for many years by climatologists confirms that the global warming process is mainly caused by an increase in greenhouse gas emissions generated by the energy sector based on classic energy producing electricity from mineral combustion and the automotive industry also based on internal combustion engines. In addition, innovations in the field of renewable energy sources should be created and implemented as soon as possible. The energy sector should be changed as soon as possible and reformed in order to develop renewable energy sources. Classic energy sources based on the combustion of minerals should be replaced by energy technologies based on renewable energy sources, i.e. first of all solar, wind, water and possibly also nuclear energy should be developed. Therefore, in the context of increasingly faster climate change processes, accelerating the global warming process, increasing pollution of the natural environment, international financing systems for pro-ecological projects should be created. Within these systems, international institutions should be created to finance projects for implementing ecological reforms, creating and implementing eco-innovation, etc. Grants should be awarded for research projects in the field of renewable energy development.
In connection with the above, it is necessary to increase expenditure in all countries on ecological reforms in order to implement the principles of sustainable ecological development according to the green economy philosophy. In addition, international financing systems for the creation and implementation of green innovations and green reforms should be developed in many branches of modern economies, primarily in energy through the development of renewable energy sources. National and international systems for financing pro-ecological reforms in the green finance formula should be developed. The next several years is the last moment to carry out the necessary ecological reforms to avoid a chain reaction of increasing climatic disasters and reduce the scale of environmental pollution and protect most of the remaining biosphere, biodiversity from irreversible degradation. Therefore, humanity should reduce greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, energy based on renewable energy sources, electromobility, organic farming, waste sorting, recycling, etc. should be developed. Therefore, financial outlays for creating new ecological innovations, green technologies and their implementation in industry. However, despite the obvious need to increase expenditure on renewable energy sources, unfortunately in recent years to a significant and sufficient extent as required, these expenditures do not grow in many countries.
In recent years, the opinion that one of the most important challenges for humanity in the 21st century is the protection of the Earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity is dominating. Biodiversity of the Earth's biosphere is therefore very important, because if we don't take care of it, we can soon destroy civilization. Maintaining the biodiversity of the Earth's biosphere is a key challenge for humanity in the 21st century. If humanity does not protect biodiversity from negative factors of civilization development, the deepening imbalance in nature will lead to exceeding the critical point of this imbalance, after which it will no longer be possible to return to balance and the destruction of many life forms, including people, may be inevitable already XXII century. Exceeding this critical point of equilibrium in nature may appear in a dozen or so years if the acceleration rate of the global warming process is still as fast as in recent years. so there is not much time left for humanity to realize how important it is to protect the biodiversity of the Earth's biosphere and how quickly the necessary ecological reforms should be carried out. The strong increase in the scale of forest fires in various climate zones of the planet Earth recorded in 2019 is a serious warning signal for humanity. This is a kind of SOS signal sent by Earth's nature towards man, that the development of civilization with the negative effects of this development is approaching the critical point of imbalance in nature. After crossing this critical point, it will no longer be possible to stop the global warming process that is accelerating and the destruction of most of the Earth's biosphere at the end of the 21st century will become a reality.
Time is running out. In this connection, the key question arises: what should a man do regarding the implementation of the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development in the coming years? How to protect the Earth's biosphere, natural biodiversity and thus also humanity against destruction, against climate armageddon at the end of the 21st century? The next several years is the last moment to carry out the necessary ecological reforms to avoid a chain reaction of increasing climatic disasters and reduce the scale of environmental pollution and protect most of the remaining biosphere, biodiversity from irreversible degradation. Therefore, humanity should reduce greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, develop energy based on renewable energy sources, electromobility, organic farming, sorting garbage, recycling, etc. It is necessary to implement the principles of sustainable ecological development as soon as possible in accordance with the green economy philosophy and ecological financing reforms from green finance sources. Time is short. It is not certain that humanity will completely reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050. It is also not certain that if humanity succeeds, the global warming process will cease to deepen. However, implementing the principles of sustainable pro-ecological development is a necessity and the biggest challenge in the 21st century.
In view of the above, sustainable organic farming with a controlled share of GMOs should be developed in the future, i.e. the replacement of chemistry, including pesticides, by GMOs. It is safer and many pro-ecological and economic goals can be achieved and also in the context of the ongoing global warming process, to which industrial agriculture also contributes.
New varieties of arable crops can be safe and fit for consumption, food, drug production etc. if they are thoroughly tested. Certainly new plant varieties can be safer created, grown using modern, controlled genetic techniques compared to chemical pesticides. Some of the chemical pesticides after their use in arable fields were quickly detected in the bodies of penguins in Antarctica, so the chemicals spread rapidly in biological food chains. In addition, new varieties of crop plants raised using modern genetic techniques can be a perfect complement to the developed organic farming, which does not use any artificial, chemical plant protection products.
In my opinion, future agriculture should be developed according to the following formula:
Global warming + Green agriculture + Sustainable development = Sustainable organic farming as a solution to the diet of the population in the future
Another important issue regarding the issue of organic farming development concerns the protection of insects pollinating flowers. The pollination value of crop flowers (without crops) is estimated at $ 500 billion. USA annually. Due to the intensification of agricultural crop production, including the use of chemical plant protection products, the number of pollinating insects, including bees in particular, is rapidly decreasing. The number of bumblebees also decreases very quickly, and only these insects pollinate some crops. To limit the sources of this problem, man should limit the development of agriculture based on the industrial production of arable crops, in particular in the areas of arable crops intended for livestock feed, which is globally 3/4 of the arable land area.
Instead of industrial production of agricultural products, organic farming should be developed without the use of chemical plant protection products. Pesticides should be replaced by the introduction to the production of agricultural products more resistant to viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic crop varieties, which are created using modern biogenetic techniques.
In addition to pesticides used in the industrial production of agricultural products (mainly for the needs of maintaining animal production, meat production), the global warming process, which is accelerating faster and faster, contributes to a decrease in the number of insects, including pollinating insects. This is because, many insect species are very sensitive to temperature changes in the environment in which they live. To reduce the sources of this problem, man should, on a massive scale, proceed to the reclamation of industrially degraded areas in order to transform them into biological ecosystems similar to natural biological environments composed of many cooperating species of flora and fauna.
In addition, the surface of natural environments, natural biological ecosystems in which insects feed, decreases. It is caused by mowing meadows outside the city and grass in cities. Therefore, it is recommended not to mow the lawn, put insect houses, do not remove rotten, rotting stumps in parks and forests. In some cities, flower meadows are established and insect parks are created in city parks.
According to the observations of biologists, environmentalists, insects die so quickly that in 100 years there will be no insects. If pollinating insects become extinct then the plants will stop producing fruit and seeds, many species of plants will become extinct and there will be a serious problem with feeding humanity and many species of animals on Earth. Therefore, the problem is very serious. In my opinion, this is the second most important problem to be solved in the 21st century, in addition to the problem of the global warming process being progressively and faster. In my opinion, these are the most important global problems and challenges to solve numerous problems for humanity in the 21st century.
Meat production based on industrially farmed livestock is another important issue. The results of many studies show that this form of meat production significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. About 75 percent the arable lands are consumed by the production of agricultural products which only serve as feed for animals kept for slaughter for the production of meat or leather for the clothing industry. It is very inefficient and non-ecological. In addition, industrial production of livestock for slaughter also contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. In many countries in Africa, people are starving, while most of the arable land instead of being used to produce food directly for humans in the form of vegetable crops is used for generating many negative externalities of animal production. In the context of the progressing processes of global warming and decreasing areas of natural ecosystems, increasing pollution of the natural environment, it is necessary to carry out the reform process of industrial production of agricultural crops and farming livestock so as to develop organic farming, replace the production of agricultural produce for farm animals for the production of agricultural produce as food for people, so that agriculture generates less and less negative external effects and that it is more and more developed in the green economy formula and that it becomes an integral factor in the implementation of sustainable ecological development.
In line with the above, in my opinion, due to the increasing climate change, including the progressing global warming process, mainly organic farming in the field of agriculture should be developed.
Do you agree with me on the above matter?
Thank you very much
Best wishes
Dariusz Prokopowicz
First of all there are a lot of statements describing the effect of climate change on agriculture. Some of them were shown before and I will add an additional one:
https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-agriculture-and-food-supply_.html
But my personal opinion is different. The question should be:
What is the Impacts of Agriculture on Climate Change?
- Brazil is destroying our last ecological areas which can balance the climate: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/23/world/americas/brazil-military-amazon-fire.html
- Agriculture in Europe also has an impact: https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/agriculture/intro
- Agriculture in China will change in future with additional impact: https://www.basf.com/cn/en/media/BASF-Information/Food-nutrition/future-farming.html
and you will find more aspects like that.
Technical Report Impact of Climate Resilient Varieties on Rice Productivity a...
Drought is the greatest threat to agriculture resulting from climate change.
Regards
Dariusz Prokopowicz
Article SAARC Journal of Agriculture Vol. 17 Issue 2 December 2019
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