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Dear Eslam,

Hope to fine you well.

How deep exactly do you mean? The hydrothermal mineralization can be occurred as far as 3-5 km down in the crust. So, we can find chloride waters which are effective in the mineralization of high temperature deposits such as gold deposits.

But in shallower depths acid sulfate waters which are important in epithermal mineralization including epithermal gold-copper, vein deposits and industrial deposits. In fact a vast variety of mineral assemblages can be formed in the environments of acid sulfate waters.

Cheers,

Rahim

Dear Eslam,

Not sure if I got your question correct but with increasing depth the water composition often show an increase in salinity in particular chlorinity (E.g. Canadian Basement brine). In shallower parts often a Ca-HCO3 water can be observed which evolve towards a sulfate enrichment and followed by an increase in chlorinity, See work of Frape and Fritz, 1987 and the Stober and Bucher papers. In complex settings like rifts, it is more complicated and the deep fluids can be highly variable.

Hope that helps...

Before we chose the fluid we need to know the following :

•the PH of the Fluid used for leaching.

•Type of ore we want to extract

For example, if we want to extract the sulfides minerals such as pyrite as you know that the pyrite is dissolved in an oxidation environment whereas it is precipitated in a reduction environment. For that reason, we need fluid that provides an oxidation Environment for the ore, and we need to control the Ph value, and it should be high (increasing basically) and also prevent the precipitation of mineral ions in the well of extraction and the geothermal system (incrusting). and also to prevent clogging, and to increase the concentration of dissolved minerals in the fluid.