It is used my research to characterize the thin film hard coatings.
Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy - HAXPES - is a growing technique to study bulk electron structure of materials. Using X-rays from 2 keV - 15 keV it is possible to obtain a probing depth of 10nm -30 nm.
check these references
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038109804007859
https://www2.cpfs.mpg.de/web/docs/scientreport/report2011_data/S99-S102.pdf?cpfs_id=000625
http://www.specs.de/cms/upload/PDFs/Publications/Beni_ElectrochemCommunic2014.pdf
https://www.cpfs.mpg.de/1862184/haxpes
http://mmrc.caltech.edu/SS_XPS/XPS_PPT/XPS_Slides.pdf
http://bose.res.in/~msm09/suga.pdf
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