It is very difficult or impractical to separate nano particles for reuse in a batch process. immobilization on the surface of or inside of an insoluble matrix either by chemical or physical methods.
Ultrafiltration membranes have pores sufficiently small to completely retain nanoparticles of any size. So they can be used in a cross flow filtration mode to concentrate or wash the nanoparticles. The hollow fiber UF cartridges are routinely used for this type of processing.