Please see figure 11
"Seismic site effects in the central zone of Monterrey Metropolitan Area (northeast Mexico) from a geotechnical multidisciplinary assessment" (Bull Eng Geol Environ (2019) 78:48 )
The simplest approach is to utilize multiple spatially distributed measurements (from boreholes, SPT, CPT, or even seismic measurements such as downhole, crosshole, and active- and passive-surface wave measurements) to construct 2D (or even 3D) subsurface models by spatial interpolation techniques. The interpolation technique can be as simple as linear interpolation or more complex, such as utilizing geostatistical methods (e.g., kriging). Compared to other methods, kriging has the advantage of incorporating valuable information regarding the site-specific spatial correlation and anisotropy, in addition to minimizing the error of the estimated values because it is a generalized least-squares regression. Moreover, kriging has been proven to yield more accurate results, especially for geotechnical-related applications, where the data sets nearly always show some pattern of spatial continuity related to geology.
We have published two recent articles which discuss a new approach for building pseudo-3D shear wave velocity (Vs) models using kriging. I will include the DOIs below and their full texts are also available on my ResearchGate profile.
https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020981989
https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020981982
In my opinion you start from the profiles of boreholes. Data from sampled boreholes should primarily be interpreted using geological criteria so as to produce the spatial distribution of the various sediments (in cases of non-anthropogenic materials). In other words you should first of all identify the extent (orientation, thickness etc) of the various geological units of the broad area in the scale of the specific area of interest. Correlating the borehole data with the geology and tectonics in the area of interest can give a valid geological model of the area. This is very important for the production of a conceptual model with units of similar geometry and properties since the origin of each layer is directly linked with its physical and mechanical properties (e.g. recent sediments lack cohesion and strength compared to older sediments with similar lithology and composition). Further distinction can then be made between various layers in the same unit taking into account the different physical and mechanical properties as estimated by in situ and laboratory tests of borehole samples. Without such correlations the statistic elaboration and interpolation of various measurements of SPT, CPT, seismic waves, logging etc can produce erroneous results. Figure 11 in the mentioned paper shows a geotechnical model based on shear wave velocities alone with little geological or tectonic interpretation. In my opinion many of the depressions shown in the model maybe due to faults in the studied area which in turn affect the geometry and thickness of the various units.
Thanks, Mohamad M Hilal and Thomas Makedon for the informative input. My question is still there that how can I draw the plot using elevation and distance (km) in values. I have also attached the image.
Thanks a lot
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