يموت الدين موت الضعيف...حينما ترتقي المجتمعات البشرية في تفكيرها، حينما تنحو نحو العلم الذي يفسر ويحاول أن يفهم وينتقد.. الأشياء الاجتماعية انطلاقا مما هو كائن في الوجود الاجتماعي، لا الاستناد إلى التفسيرات غير المنطقية، الغيبية عن ذلك الوجود الاجتماعي الذي نلاحظه، ونجرب فيه...؛ "أوجست كونت" ضمن «دروس في الفلسفة الوضعية» حينما يتحدث عن مراحل تطور الفكر البشري، وبأن البشرية اليوم أضحت تؤمن بالفكر الوضعي الذي يفسر الظواهر الاجتماعية انطلاقا من العلم الواقعي، بعد أن كانت في البداية تؤمن بالفكر اللاهوتي الذي ينظر إلى الأمور بنظرة دينية غيبية، فائقة للواقع الاجتماعي، قبل أن تتخلص منه لتمر إلى الفكر الميتافيزيقي...ما هو إلا تعبير علمي ومنطقي على أن الدين يموت موت الضعيف... حينما يؤمن الفكر البشري بالعلم الحقيقي (السوسيولوجيا، الأنثربولوجيا...)

خلاصة القول إن الدين يموت بسهولة حينما نؤمن بالعلم الذي يستمد أفكاره من الواقع الاجتماعي ، من الوجود الاجتماعي...

Mohamed Ouitaden شكرا لمرورك ولإجابتك. وقد أثرت فكرة الوضعية التي كانت برزت في القرن 19 واستمرت إلى أن غطت عليها الكثير من التفريعات عنها بمسميات أخرى مثل العلمانية والليبرالية والحداثوية وغيرها، لكن السؤال الذي يلحّ على المهتمين بدراسة ظاهرة " الموت لكل ما هو غير وضعي ومادي" (مع أن الوضعية كذلك ماتت بعد أن ولّدت وضعيات تتماوت) السؤال هو: كيف السبيل إلى مواجهة موات ما هو لصيق بالإنسان الفرد لصوقا لا ينفك عنه بحال؟ أي أن الدين أو الروحانية أو العقيدة ولو كانت عقيدة الإلحاد...الخ شيء ملازم للفرد الإنساني؟ فهل بذلك نقول بمواته هو الآخر أو أنه يعيش وهو ميّت؟

ثم النقطة التي أشرت إليها عن الواقع الاجتماعي وضرورة العناية بالتفسيرات القائمة والمستنبطة من الوجود الاجتماعي هي نقطة مهمة وأوافق عليها، ولكن هل يمكن القول أنّ الدين (وأنا هنا أخصص الإسلام مثلا ولامانع من الحديث عن دين آخر) هل يمكن القول بأن الدين وهو منظومة ضخمة من الشرائع والقواعد والتطبيقات أنه خال تماما من أصول علم الأنثروبولوجيا والسوسيولوجيا والبسيكولوجيا وغيرها من العلوم الإنسانية الحديثة؟

أعتقد أن التحدي يواجهه أصحاب التخصص في العلوم الإنسانية بما فيهم علماء الدين، وقد بات من الضروري العمل على التكامل والتقاطع والاستشراف.

أجدد تحياتي، سعدنا بكم

I have yet to see an example of a state creating a religion. Christianity, for example, was created in opposition to the Roman State, which was violent and persecutory. Buddhism was created by a Hindu prince as a result of viewing for the first time the abject poverty of those outside palace walls and royalty. Humans create religion as explanations of origins, of values, and as a form of social control and mostly before states became formalised and acted as social control that benefited the populace. As was claimed above, as societies become more rational and knowledgible about their social and political environment, the need for belief in deities declines, but persists where there is persecution, such as by black people in white USA, where there is still blatant racism. As black people become more integrated into mainstream society then the emotional need for adherence to some deity will decline, and pentecostal types of religion will not be needed.

Valerie Saunders Thank you for your response.

following your explanation, it still has to explain the need for spirituality if not deities in rational and knowledgeable societies, as there is a huge tendency to seek a transcendental meaning far away from modernity, and if it was created as a means of resistance against controlling modernity then we should say that even rationality could lead to "created religions".

In the book I shared, academic researchers seem to struggle to convince readers that religion has died, but yet repeatedly, it needs to be proved occasionally and constantly that it dies or it is dying or has died!

I think we need to overcome some killing critical approaches to others more convincing and coherent ones altogether with interdisciplinary fields.

Souhila Sadouni There is an assumption in your response that humans are rational and knowledgeable. Humans are anything but rational, and most are not well educated even in this day and age of many universities, let alone before most universities were created. I don't know where you got the idea of 'controlling modernity' . I did not state any such thing. so there are multiple problems with this paragraph.

Religion has not died, also. Only in Western European countries has religion declined quite dramatically. however, in Islamic countries, as well as in countries where there is continued discrimination and or persecution, religion continues to exist and even grow, such as the southern states of the USA where there is a huge problem with racism.

I am sorry, but I think you need to acquire more statistics about the prevalence and functions of religion as your ideas are somewhat mistaken. Sociology provides such information. I teach sociology of religion.

in response to your comment that rationality could lead to created religions, it could be suggested that science of itself is a type of religion. there are many types of religion, depending on your definition. You should do more homework on the subject.

Valerie Saunders

I have written (rational and knowledgeable SOCIETIES, not humans) and it is not my assumption it was what you wrote in your first reply: look at this sentence you wrote (as societies become more rational and knowledgeable about their social and political environment, the need for belief in deities declines). from this, I supposed that controlling modernity might also lead to seeking religion or spirituality as racism does. I did not say that you stated it, It was my analytical view regarding your first response.

I would respond to the rest of your second comment and engage in an academic discussion if you did not point out doing HOMEWORK. anyway, thank you again for your response and I will learn more.

Computer says 'no'. Computers are programmed by humans. Societies are composed of humans and therefore ideas are from humans.