Dear Abubakar Muhammad Abubakar ,

Your question concerns the effect of the mobile base stations pn the nearby residentials.

I think it can have multiple effects:

May be the most important is the effect of the electromagnetic radiation on such people. Such people will be subject to greater radio frequency radiation dose than the people who are residing far from the stations. So, you can find studies on the effect of mobile radiation on the humans.

The other effect is positive which is they enjoy a strong recieved signal and can have a much higher data rate a nd reliable communication. So, they can get the full service from the service provider. This may lead to communication time saving and better service which may save money for them.

How much one can save through better service may be studied in the literature.

So, you have more key words to search for literature on your topic in the internet.

Best wishes

What do you mean by "assessment of Socioeconomic of GSM Masts"?

If you mean health, the health risk from the mobile itself is higher than the health risk comes from the base station mast, here is the reference about this:

Freudenstein, F.; et al; "Exposure Knowledge and Perception of Wireless Communication Technologies", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2015.

The following book is interesting:

Markov, M.; "Mobile Communications and Public Health", Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

There are some health concerns, and low awareness of it's unhealthy impact.

There are economic impacts. It is fact that in the USA the installation of a mast is "unattractive" and reduces property values in the area. In the USA there are laws that prevent citizens from preventing masts from being installed when necessary. This problem is often mitigated by having the mobile phone company install necessary equipment in church steeples or on masts that are disguised as a tree.

Further, this problem will resolve itself soon. As mast are expensive and require land acquisition, mobile phone companies are moving towards small towers and devices that serve the same function. So one mast can be replaced by 70 smaller devices that are mounted discretely on light poles and rooftops.

Now to look at the opposite side, there is some large economic benefits to masts. People who live in areas where masts are needed can earn a very good monthly revenue by permitting a mast to be placed on their property. People who own apartment buildings in cities where it is very expensive to own a building often rent space on roof to mobile carriers and this is helpful to them. Businesses, such as car washes small factories earn income as well with the mast.

Very common is (again) churches who earn income from allowing a mast to be erected inside their steeple. Imagine a church that needs a new roof and would like a new steeple. They are happy to agree that the mobile company will replace both and install a mast inside their new steeple and also pay them monthly.

There are ZERO health concerns. This has been debunked numerous times but there seem to be people who keep this rumor alive that cell towers and electric power lines are harmful, especially on livestock! (Which is a lot of bull...)

Thank you everyone

The research is concerned about Adverse impacts on social life and local economy of the residents living in closed proximity to GSM Masts.

Secondly

My objectives are as follows:

1. To assess the adverse impacts of GSM Masts on social life of the residents living in closed proximity to GSM Masts.

2. To assess the adverse impacts of GSM Masts on local economy of the residents living in closed proximity to GSM Masts

3. To establish pattern of responses made by residents in order to cope with the adverse impacts of GSM on their socioeconomy

Can I use Relative Important Index to analyse the data on object 1 and 2

And

İmportant İndex to analyse objective 3?

I also need related helpful literature, because I didn't get any literature on the topic

İ seriously need your help

Glad to help but still must understand.

What subject is the class? Business? Social Studies?

Also, is this research? It seems like you have already decided that a mast causes an adverse effect? So you want to support that claim or study the issue to determine if this is true or false?

If so, (that you feel a mast has an adverse effect) is the adverse effect offset by the benefits gained by the society?

I am a little concerned about your approach to this research. You have already determined the answer rather than forming the questions to study.

Environmwntal Management Technology

The research questions are:

i. How do the GSM Masts affect the local economy of residents living in closed proximity?

ii. How do the GSM Masts affect the social life of residents living in closed proximity?

iii. What are the responses made by the residents living in closed proximity to GSM Masts in order to cope with improper siting of the GSM Masts in residential areas?

I have read a bit about Environmental Technology and Management now - "Environmental Technology and Management prepares students to be on the frontline of protecting our environment. This STEM major (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) combines the study of chemistry, ecology, pollution prevention, technology and management systems. Students graduate prepared to solve environmental and sustainability problems, are versed in environmental regulations, and gain the skills to work closely with engineers and engineering firms."

This looks interested, and useful but a bit political too, which is not interesting or useful. This seems to be, at best, the job of helping companies develop forestry plans to be able to cut tree down for product and replant them at a rate where the business can be sustained forever. Also, helping companies figure out ways to dispose or reuse waste that is produced by manufacturing.

At worst this a degree for people who believe global warming with end the earth being imminent. And evil corporations are the reason so this will teach you how to stop them.

So to get a Grade A on your homework / thesis, you must determine which side your teacher favors.

If your teacher is interested in working and supporting corporations your answer is:

- Numerous medical studies show no effect from EMI on humans.

- Studies indicate that mast signify a prosperous economy

- Mast promote the mobility of people

- Mobile phone service is credited with a 1,200% increase in human productivity and has created more than 4 Million new jobs and 599 new industries.

- Herds of wild life such as rare deer are attracted to the equipment installed to run masts because the environment is warm and provides shelter to Flora and fauna. In the USA, the Alaska Oil Pipeline is credited with the dramatic increase in large animal that nest in the warmth of the hundreds of miles of pipeline. The equipment that powers masts are a magnet for nesting birds in the winter time. A mark increase in wild life has resulted.

If your teacher is interested in the Global Warming narrative your answer is:

- New technology from masts uses the same frequency as microwave ovens. The medical consequences are obvious but not yet published.

- Mast signify that the neighborhood has little value and is adequate only for infrastructure projects that serve more prosperous neighborhoods. The people are left depressed and suicides increase.

- Mast discourage development of good neighborhood as they are unattractive.

- People who live near masts are in constant fear that the mast will fall and harm them.

- They cope by only going out at night when the mast is not visible. But they are also happy about the good mobile phone signal they receive.

If you are in an academic setting, the goal is to get an A and that means satisfying the professor who is grading you. What is your sense about the "Answer the professor wants?" I do not think they want an objective well done research paper. More likely they want an answer that sides with one of the two views above.

So this is good training for life. In life you are hired for your expertise, but often the customer already knows the answer they want to hear and are hiring you to provide that answer.

Then again, I tend to give them the right answer, like it or not.

I see some ambiguity:

There s no difference in socio and economic impact of GSM masts (base stations) when residents are close to the masts or far from them. The only difference in proximity to GSM masts is related to health effects.

Social impact of GSM (and mobile communications in general, as mobile communications are concerned with mobile applications on smartphones, not only the 2G-GSM, they are 3G and 4G...) affects users living close or far from the masts equally.

The same applies for economic impact.

For health, I mentioned the impact on health in my previous answer, in general, the Electro Magnetic Filed EMF effect from the mobile phone itself is greater than it from the mast, whatever the distance is.

For the social impact, many studies proved the negative impact of mobile applications on social life, including addictions. There are many studies and researches about that. Here are examples about them:

- 44 Smartphone Addiction Statistics for 2021", SlickText, 2021

- https://visual.ly/community/Infographics/technology/who-are-america-toilet-texters

- Shoukat. S.; "Cell Phone Addiction and Psychological and Physiological Health in Adolescents", EXCLI Journal, 2019.

- Kuss. D., "Mobile phone addiction: Evidence from Empirical Research", 25th European Congress of Psychiatry, S063, 2017.

- Lee, S-Y.; et al; "The Matthew Effect in Recovery from Smartphone Addiction in a 6-Month Longitudinal Study of Children and Adolescents", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI, Jul. 2020.

- Massey, A.; "Gaming Addiction: Short and Long Term Effects", International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, Vol. 3, Issue-8, 2020. https://www.journals.resaim.com/ijresm/article/view/177/160.

- Lanier, J.; "Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now", Henry Holt and Co., 2018.

For economy, although revenues are in Billions of $s, and GDPs' growth from mobile communications have touched 5% in some countries, the impact is positive in the short term, but in the long term, the economic impact of mobile communications became negative, as it has a saturation point and it declines afterwards. Studies proved that: with the greater penetration of wideband mobile communications, the lesser impact on economy. In developed countries, the curve of the economic impact of mobile communications declines with its more penetration, it has an opposite effect.

Here the reference about that:

Katz, R., Callorda, F.; "The economic contribution of broadband, digitization and ICT regulation", ITU Publications, ITU, 2018.

About the pattern you are suggesting, it is a splendid idea, collect as many literature as you can about the socio, economic, and health impacts, then design the suggested pattern.

Good luck.

Thank you so much for your helpful contributions

@Mr. Ben Levitan

@Dr. Yasser Jaamour

Excellent response, Dr. Jaamour. I will save this.

Dr. Jaamour's reference is from the ITU. This is a reliable organization that is part of the UN. The ITU is one of the oldest branches of the UN, related to world telephone communications.

Your original question was about the effects of GSM "masts". The discussion has changed to the effects of mobile phones on society. If you go this route, the biggest issue is users driving while using their phones. In the USA, 26% of accidents are related to user distraction while driving.

Certainly there will be benefits in terms of better wireless broadband coverage if you live within a hundred meters or so of a cellular mast if it is providing LTE or 5G-NR service. For GSM, far less so because GSM makes no sense for data services, except for low-power GSM 'M2M' devices - GSM's predecessor to 'IOT' work over significant range maybe 5- 10 km in almost any propagation conditions.

The 'inverse square law' virtually guarantees that there will be no adverse health affects due to the base station emissions, and the closer you are located to the base station the lower the transmit power will be from your handset! The safest place to be would be between 30 and 100 meters from the base of the base-station antenna tower (if you worry about electromagnetic effects!)

Is GSM even in use. This is 2G technology. I guess we are using GSM as a term to talk about cell towers/masts for mobile services?

2G- GSM is not dead! AT&T turned GSM off in the US, but most European countries still have almost universal GSM coverage. Probably GSM will still be working long after the last 3G (WCDMA/HSPA) channels have been re-farmed to LTE & 5G-NR. GSM is installed, reliable and effective. There are still many connections that rely on 2G - including alarm systems, eCall (similar to e911) and many 'smart-meters', and of course some automobile telematics, which until just a few years ago relied on circuit switched 2G SMS to 'call home'. Retrofitting these to use LTE eMTC or NB-IoT is not really feasible.

That's interesting. So if the smart meters are using 2G, that's pretty cost-effective and is not easy to replace right now. Too many units out there.