one of the most influential papers on conflict, i hope this helps:
Jehn, K. A., Northcraft, G. B., & Neale, M. A. (1999). Why differences make a difference: A field study of diversity, conflict and performance in workgroups. Administrative science quarterly, 44(4), 741-763.
Conflicts generally originate from either a need/ a value .
The easier case is a conflict that arose because of a need , because once each ones need is recognised and adressed, the conflict can easily be resolved .
On the other hand , conflicts that are based on value , like ethical value , or moral one are harder to deal with .They require high level of reasoning and wisdom!
Please find one of tge research papers I shared in on the role of leadership in Management of conflicts in construction .https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301789761_Investgating_the_Impact_of_Leadership_Styles_of_Multicultural_Collaborations_Projects_on_Achieving_Projects_SuccessMCCP_A_Literature_Review
listen to the language being used to see if folks are sitting on the same side of the table...go with your gut about the emotional tone being expressed. ask the participants how they are viewing the situation. check out the intentions of the disputants which may or may not match...