This might help:

Land Surface Temperature Mapping using Geoinformation Techniques

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14311/gi.17.1.2

Thanks Dr. Makinde for sharing your open access research article.

However, this paper uses the same NDVI based emissivity method (Sobrino et al., 2001) for estimation of day-time Land Surface Temperature from Landsat. My question is specifically about calculation of night-time Land Surface Temperature for Landsat. I don't think the NDVI based emissivity method will help for calculating night-time land surface temperature. Correct me if I'm wrong? Have you worked with night-time Landsat images for obtaining LST?

good greeting

I know Landsat does not take photos at night because it is synchronous with the orbit of the sun

Modher, thanks for your comments.

Allow me to clarify. Landsat 8 does acquire night-time images occasionally during its ascending (nighttime) node. In fact there is also a possibility for making special requests for acquiring night-time scenes. Look at the NASA Goddard video that I've attached here. You will be able to see the narrator says at 0:22-0:30 that, "The satellite travels from north to south over the sunlit portion of the Earth, and travels south to north over the dark side (night-time) of the Earth." Therefore when the satellite travels from south to north (ascending), it potentially has the ability to image the night side of the Earth.

If you are interested, you can browse through the archive of 18,839 Landsat 8 night-time images that have been acquired at the time of this writing.

https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

https://landsat.usgs.gov/acquisition

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-lbujsVa2M

https://landsat.usgs.gov/how-do-i-search-and-download-ascending-nighttime-scenes

thanks i dont kown will watch video

James gave a very good reply

Hi James,

If I understand your question, USGS through earth explorer provides radiometrically corrected surface reflectance imagery for data with quality terrain level L1T and/or L1gT. it might be necessary to check your metadata file to confirm the data type...I suppose the method by Sobrino et al. should be applicable to any of these data type which has been corrected from atmospheric distortions. Otherwise, i will suggest you correct your reflectance image using techniques such as dark object subtraction before NDVI computations and then emissivity calculation using the procedure in the above literature. The following articles might be helpful.

https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/data-access/browse-data-products/-/article/landsat-oli-tirs-european-coverage

Article Investigating Surface Urban Heat Island Characteristics over...

Regards

Hello Kazeem, thanks for your comments and for sharing your research article on UHI.

Let me clarify. USGS already provides atmospherically corrected (Surface Reflectance - SR) Level 2 Landsat data. In fact, it also directly provides spectral indices such as NDVI, which is based on Level 2 SR Landsat data. However, in the question I'm talking about 'Night-Time' Landsat data. There is a clear difference between night-time and day-time Landsat data. As you are aware, 'Passive sensors such as Landsat are mostly used to detect energy when the naturally occurring energy source (Sun) is available. For all reflected energy, this can only take place during the time when the sun is illuminating the Earth. There is no reflected energy available from the sun at night. Energy that is naturally emitted (such as thermal infrared) can be detected day or night, as long as the amount of energy is large enough to be recorded.' That is why if you look at the VIS-NIR-SWIR bands of night time Landsat data, you would hardly be able to identify anything (except active fires, lava or other large and hot objects, if present during the time of image acquisition). However, with the thermal infrared (TIR) band, you can identify the naturally emitted energy from the Earth's surface. Therefore, I concluded that Sobrino et al. (2001) NDVI based emissivity method cannot be used for night-time land surface temperature estimation! I've added the Landsat 8 image details that I'm studying. Along with that I've added three night-time Landsat 8 Band 10, Band 5 and Band 4 images for your reference. Have a look and let me know if you agree or disagree.

Location: Reykjavík, Iceland

Landsat 8 Scene ID: LC80672292015017LGN01

Data Type: L1GT

Acquisition Date: 2015/01/17

Acquisition Time: 22:26

Hi all Please I need multispectral images in food , fruits , skin diseases (more than 25 images) thank you?

Dear in my opinion I think you can use the thermal bands in Landsat OLI 8 band 10 and band 10 to get what you want

regards

Hi all I think you can use thermal bands in LANDSAT-8 to

to obtain emissivity image

regards

Hi James this has been an old topic, have you solved it? I have the same issue. I have a diurnal and a nocturnal image from the same day, and I was considering using the diurnal ndvi to compute the emissivity. Did you solve it differently?

Ana Oliveira, as I understand, it seems, it would be fine to use the closest day-time emissivity image derived from NDVI in order to estimate land surface temperature of a night-time Landsat scene, provided, there are no changes related to soil moisture or land cover/use changes in between the day and night (e.g. Landsat) image acquisitions. In other situations a correction is required. For example, an emissivity correction would be required if a night-time Landsat image was acquired immediately after a rain event leading to significant soil moisture changes which in turn increases/decreases the emissivity of the land surface in the thermal infrared wavelength range.

You may want to look at the following paper. They have used a spectrally adjusted ASTER Global Emissivity Data Set version 3. Also have a look at the Joint Emissivity Database Initiative (JEDI).

• An Operational Land Surface Temperature Product for Landsat Thermal Data: Methodology and Validation by Malakar et al. (2018)
• https://emissivity.jpl.nasa.gov/aster-ged

Yes my understanding agrees with your input. My days are clear sky heatwave summer days, without rain. Great, many thanks! I will look into it.

Can do it very easy

It is not to late to know there are many websites provide what you asking for

wishes

Is there any Landsat night time product?

Is there any Landsat night time product available to download?

I think there is no Landsat night time product available to download yet.

Abd El Raouf Elhmdi & Aysar Jameel Abdalkadhum

Landsat 8 does acquire night-time images occasionally during its ascending (nighttime) mode. For more info. read the 4th comment from the top that I posted on March 26, 2018 on this discussion page. Landsat 8 has acquired 27088 night-time images till date. You can select the 'Night' option in the 'Additional Criteria' on USGS EarthExplorer to download the night-time images.

James Varghese

Thank you very much to clarify it

Please see the third section of the paper below.

Sobrino, José A., Juan C. Jiménez-Muñoz, and Leonardo Paolini. 2004. “Land Surface Temperature Retrieval from LANDSAT TM 5.” Remote Sensing of Environment 90 (4): 434–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.02.003.

I support James Varghese replies.

Dear James and All,

We investigated this issue using ground-based stations. In this paper, we propose using daytime NDVI-based LSE, whose acquisition is close to nighttime data (the difference ranges from 1 day to 4 days), as an input in the corresponding methods for the nighttime LST retrieval. You can reach our most recent paper entitled "Sensitivity Analysis and Validation of Daytime and Nighttime Land Surface Temperature Retrievals from Landsat 8 Using Different Algorithms and Emissivity Models" via the links below:

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/17/2776

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343892902_Sensitivity_Analysis_and_Validation_of_Daytime_and_Nighttime_Land_Surface_Temperature_Retrievals_from_Landsat_8_Using_Different_Algorithms_and_Emissivity_Models

All the best.

Thanks Aliihsan Sekertekin for sharing with us your insightful and relevant research article on the topic of discussion. I will definitely read it.

Thank you very much James.

Hello James Varghese , i'm actually looking for a solution to the same problem. The only thing i came across, but i didn't try yet is using black body radiances and atmospherically corrected radiances to estimate emissivity form two images from the same scene at different times. If you consider that there is no significant change in the scene from one image to the other, emissivity is the same, and you can operate the two radiative equations to obtain emisivity in this way:

E = L / B

Where "E" is emissivity, "L" the difference between the atmospherically corrected radiances from one scene and the other, and finally "B" is the difference between black body radiances from one scene and the other.

To calculate black body radiances, you have to know the surface temperature, i'm not completely sure about how the uncertainty in the temperature calculation will affect the emissivity value, but given that the two images have a similar uncertainty in the estimation, then it is possible for it to be neglectible.

I hope it helps,

Regards.

Have you been able to resolve the question? We are working on the issue of nighttime LST and we have the problem of how to estimate nighttime emissivity

Thanks Matias Lestussi for your helpful comments and possible solution.

Josep Roca as far as I understand, as long as there is no change in soil moisture conditions in the area of interest between day and night time image acquisitions, I think, it would be alright to use the corresponding day time Emissivity to calculate the nearest night time LST, however, let's say there was a rain event after a day time and before the night time image was acquired respectively, leading to significant changes in soil moisture, which would in turn lead to changes in emissivity, then I think an emissivity correction would be required.

Having said that, I want to admit that I've not been active in LST/Emissivity Research for quite some time now and would appreciate comments from seasoned researchers in this topic. I did have some communications with the researchers at JPL 2 years ago and they said the same thing that I've already mentioned in addition to pointing me towards ASTER GED https://emissivity.jpl.nasa.gov/aster-ged

Dear James,

I can offer you a cal/val methodology for LST, which a project team applied in the Xinjiang province of the PR of China. This includes an approach to determine emissivity as well. Later on we used this method to estimate LST to determine Soil Moisture Content (SMC) based on thermal inertia. Both methods were successfully validated.

For LST you can read about our work to validate LST retrieval from MODIS thermal imagery. Find this paper here below.

Article The AMSL LST algorithm validated for the Xinjiang Autonomous...

Success,

Frank

Thank you Prof. Frank Veroustraete for sharing your valuable comments and relevant research article with us. I'm sure this is going to be useful for all of us.

No problem James,

With pleasure.

I hope it helps.

You can follow the methodology based on the ndvi and classification map.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215444122_Land_surface_temperature_estimation_from_thermal_band_of_landsat_sensor_case_study_Alashtar_City?_sg=cuRf0ERIhbYL3NE8FijzRYEZ8r9F6LtIhtXUszY-RIDWCOrAKdOgONlxxtzExFqiTV4S_LVKIda8lLSXS8jHohBXeCIPCt9ZJxi49GMw.l34VJ9ft68FdA1_Xb1UhegxUHKQTpK7HfAImYFdB1TD0NFDDEBChxu-Db6y6PV6fPneGbvGTcwtWtWbGOsRQ8Q

Thanks Tayeb Alipour-Fard

Halo James, your question and answers provided here have really been helpful. Thanks to all contributors.