Carbon can be analyzed using a total carbon analyzer. With this technique, the percentage of carbon in the sample can be determined. The distinction between graphene and other types of carbon is somewhat more complicated. Perhaps, I would try using Raman spectroscopy. Although this technique is usually qualitative, it can also be used for quantification, so it could be an alternative to differentiate graphene from other carbon compounds present in the samples ...
Thank you for your response. I contacted Raman operators, they told me this method is not quantitative and would not give you the weight percent of each one.
But there might an alternative way. Carbon transfer into CO2 in 600 C and completely vanishes, but graphite react with O2 in 900 C. As a result, it is possible to weight sample in these different stages and calculate weight percent of each one.
Or perhaps a TGA curve might be a better approach here.