To perform Least Cost Path Analysis based on Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), you will need a raster dataset representing the LULC classes and their associated cost values. Here are the general steps you can follow in ArcGIS to perform Least Cost Path Analysis based on LULC:

It's important to note that Least Cost Path Analysis based on LULC is subject to several assumptions and limitations, such as the accuracy of the LULC dataset, the assignment of cost values to each class, and the spatial resolution of the data. Therefore, it's important to carefully validate the results and understand the limitations of the analysis.

Thank you so much SHAHEEN MOHAMMED ALHIRMIZY this is really helpful.

Stabak Roy the detailed explanation should make it easier. thank you so much.

Least Cost Path Analysis (LCPA) is a spatial analysis technique that identifies the most cost-effective path between two points on a landscape based on a resistance surface. The resistance surface is created by assigning a cost value to each cell in a raster grid, which represents the level of difficulty or resistance to travel through that cell.

When considering only land use and land cover (LULC) as a factor in LCPA, you can create a resistance surface by assigning a cost value to each LULC category based on the ease or difficulty of traversing through that category. For example, forests may have a high cost value as they can be difficult to move through, while open grasslands may have a lower cost value.

Here are the general steps to perform LCPA taking only LULC into consideration:

There are several software packages available that can perform LCPA, such as ArcGIS, QGIS, and GRASS GIS. These software packages provide tools for creating resistance surfaces, calculating cost distances, and generating least-cost paths based on LULC.