Dear Dr. Wan Mohamad Ikhmal,

I suggest you the following papers/notes which are not the resolution of the problem that you ask but I believe can be used as a suitable premise to find a product that best meets the needs of users in compliance with environmental regulations so that it is also commercially usable and compatible.

-Protection Coatings for the Underwater Part of Ship’s Hull

Renato Ivče, Matej Grubiša, Darijo Mišković

Pomorski zbornik 55, 59-70 (2018)

Available at: https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/313654

-FATHOM FOCUS - Coatings for Vessel Performance

Technica note: Editor Catherine McMillian

Available at: http://www.fathommaritimeintelligence.com/uploads/2/5/3/9/25399626/focus_hull_coatings_for_vessel_performance.pdf

-Underwater construction curing and anticorrosive and antifouling coating for sea equipment

Abstract of patent product that is done to provide an underwater facility used in marine antifouling paint application and curing anticorrosive system.

Available at: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101392141B/en

-UnderwaterShipHusbandryDischarges

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Available at: https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/vgp_hull_husbandry.pdf

My best regards. See you soon. Pierluigi Traverso

Dear all, at first look I suggest cyanoacrylate polymers and any water-sensitive monomers and polymers such isocyanates based ones. My Regards

Dear Wan,

For decades, many industries have been looking for a cost-effective and practical solution for long-term corrosion protection underwater. Ultra High Build Epoxy Coating (733) may cure underwater and stand early immersion making, it is an ideal maintenance coating for splash zone piling. It can be applied at low tide and will continue to cure under immersed conditions ensuring continual protection of wharf piling, old or new. It is applied by heavy-duty spray equipment in one application to at least 3mm DFT. Good thing is there to use single applications of this thickness or more minimise application costs and times. Limitations are off course there, Ultra High Build Epoxy Coating (733) should not be applied at temperatures below 5 degree centigrade.

Another coatings cyanoacrylate adhesive, which has the ability to cure at low temperatures and without the need for any hardener, which can attributed to the high-strength bonding interaction between two non-amalgamating substrates, with their ease of dispersion and self-curing activities.

Ashish