I am currently trying to determine the erosion behavior of vegetated soils or built-up areas in quantitative terms to help with lahar hazard prediction but very few studies are related to it. To be more specific, at what amount of discharge (sediment-laden or not) from a lahar channel would be enough to erode these vegetated soils and/or built-up areas? Could anyone point me in the right direction on how to quantify these erosion behaviors in response to lahar events?

I have tried change detection through satellite images (sentinel-2, Landsat 4, 5, 7, & 8) but unfortunately due to intense cloud coverage during these events, little to no information is discernible. It was suggested to me that changes observed from the DEM would provide this info but due to the scarcity of DEM data, I have opted to look for other methods.

Thank you very much and any help is greatly appreciated!