I removed the outliers from my data,, but still, Cronbach's Alpha of a few scales have not improved. What else could be done to strengthen Cronbach's Alpha?
If your questionnaire yields a Cronbach’s Alpha below 0.7 it indicates low internal consistency (reliability). Here are recommended steps to address this issue.
1. Review and Revise Ambiguous or Inconsistent Items
Carefully check each question for clarity and relevance.
Revise any items that may be confusing, ambiguous, or not directly related to the construct being measured.
2. Analyze “Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted”
Use statistical software (e.g., SPSS) to check the “Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted” value for each question.
If removing a particular item increases the overall alpha, consider removing or revising that item.
3. Add More Relevant Items
Consider adding new questions that are closely related to the construct you are measuring.
More relevant items can help improve the internal consistency.
4. Check Item Direction (Reverse-Scored Items)
Ensure that any negatively worded (reverse-scored) items are properly coded.
Incorrect coding of reverse items can lower the alpha value.
5. Re-examine Questionnaire Structure
Make sure your questionnaire is measuring only one construct (unidimensionality).
If your questionnaire covers multiple dimensions, analyze the reliability of each subscale separately.
6. Pilot Test with a New Sample
After making revisions, pilot the questionnaire with a new sample group.
Recalculate Cronbach’s Alpha to see if reliability improves.
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