You can take a cross section and see the composition of fillers in the structure. One more interesting way to identify the same is to perform the thermal analysis. Both DSC and TGA can give you the idea about the homogeneous filling of the filler in the structure.
1. You can prepare a very thin composite to see sharp nanofibers in the FE-SEM images (This method is specially useful for hydrogels reinforced with nanofibers).
2. You can provide a cross section and see the dispersion of fillers in the coating matrix (Article Active corrosion protection performance of an epoxy coating ...
).
3. You can used AFM analysis (topographic and phase contrast images) to investigate the nanofillers.