Hello to all researchers. I'm new to the methylation field. This is my situation:
I have a cell culture sample treated with a demethylation factor, and after several days of treatment, I extracted the DNA and performed bisulfite treatment (using the EpiJET kit from Thermo).
After that, I conducted PCR using validated primers designed for the intron region of my target gene, with bisulfite-converted DNA as the template (I'm using Phusion U Polymerase that suitable for Bisulfite converted DNA). After PCR, I performed QC, and the PCR products were as expected, with bands at the correct size and sufficiently intense. I used three pairs of primers for different regions.
Then, I sent the samples for Sanger sequencing (including purification by the provider) and received the sequencing results. However, some samples did not show good chromatograms, with very low peaks and a short number of readable bases for the first and second primers. For the third primer, the chromatograms showed mixed peaks.
Questions:
What could be the cause of these issues? Could it be due to a mistake in choosing the sequencing method, or was there an error during sequencing preparation?
What user-friendly software (not requiring special computer specifications like Linux) can I use to analyze and compare the methylation profiles of my control and treated samples?
Your input and information will be very helpful for me. Thank you very much in advance.
It is hard to say about the sequences without seeing the original .abi sequence files but your top sample has a long homo polymer run at the start of the sequence which depletes the sequencing kit of that base and leaves the signal intensity of the sequence very weak. It will probably sequence better from the other end.
Sample 2 has an enormous unincorporated dye peak suggesting that either the sequencing kit is going off or the primer is not annealing ( too little primer or wrong primer or too little dna template or that the purification of the sequencing reaction has failed as well as one of the above. It would be worth discussing this with the sequencing company
Dear Dr. Paul Rutland Thankyou for your insight. After read your opinion, i try to check the sequence from the other end (reverse direction), but it seem will end the same problem, i think because the sample is from bisulfite converted DNA, so there will probably be a lot of T. And for the second picture, the provider said the primer is anneal to multiple place. Do you have any experience with this kind of methylation sequencing procedure before that may usefull for me? Thankyou so much
I have n experience of bisulphite sequencing but over 30 years of ordinary Sanger sequencing. Without seeing the original .abi sequence files it is difficult to be certain but I am not convinced that the primer is annealing in 2 places. They have to account for why there is a very strong unincorporated dye peak at the start of the sequence. This means that the sequencing reaction has not gone well but if the primers anneal in other places then there should be mixed (but strong) sequences and not much dye left. It seems more likely to me that the sequence intensity is weak and there is background noise being interpreted as sequence. Can you attach the .abi file please?.
I agree that there will be many Ts but not a whole lot of them at the start of the sequence so I was hoping that you would get more good sequence from the reverse primer before it hits the polyT