If you want to "test" a theory, then the classic way to do so with independent and dependent variable. For example, you might ask the same questions to two different theoretically chosen sub-samples.
would you please explain more? For example, we want to design an interview framework based on the Salutogenesis theory. But I don't know how to include the whole content of this theory in the interview framework.
I don't know much be Salutogenesis, but it seems like one way of testing this theory would be comparing those with and without the "sense of coherence" that goes with Salutogenesis. Is that what you had in mind?
In general, an independent and dependent variable framework would lead you to ask questions about either what produces Salutogenesis as an outcome, or what it effects it has on other variables.
To begin, create an interview protocol to guide your research. First, identify all the relevant elements under the theory you are investigating. Then, compile a list of potential interview questions that pertain to that theory. Remember, even if certain questions may not seem relevant to all participants, you can always modify them throughout the interview process.