Through proper conceptualization and operationalization a researcher can develop a questionnaire.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: DIMENSIONS AND ELEMENTS
Sekaran (2003) wrote:
“Operationalizing, or operationally defining a concept to render it measurable, is done by looking at the behavioral dimensions, facets, or properties denoted by the concept. These are then translated into observable and measurable elements so as to develop an index of measurement of the concept.“
For more details please read Sekaran's book.
Reference
Sekaran, U., 2003. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.