Through proper conceptualization and operationalization a researcher can develop a questionnaire.

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: DIMENSIONS AND ELEMENTS

Sekaran (2003) wrote:

“Operationalizing, or operationally defining a concept to render it measurable, is done by looking at the behavioral dimensions, facets, or properties denoted by the concept. These are then translated into observable and measurable elements so as to develop an index of measurement of the concept.“

For more details please read Sekaran's book.

Reference

 Sekaran, U., 2003. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.

Dear John,

Essentially, the questionnaire translated research objectives into a series of questions. in my PhD thesis, I have used the following Steps:

Step 1: Conceptualisation and operationalisation of the study variables.

Step 2: specifying the survey method

Step 3: developing measurement scales.

Step 4: preparing draft instrument

Step 5: assessing the reliability and face validity of the instrument

Step 6: pre-testing the instrument

Step 7: The instrument distribution, management and collection.

Regards